Case 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case 1 - Essay Example The type of structure obtained varies with every organization. There are those that are pyramidal and some that are elliptical. Every organization has the top managers and employees who are entitled to the basic works thus holding the whole system together. The diagram in page 22 strictly shows the how the organization function in accordance to the specific department that exist in the organization. The co-existence of the sections therein is so crucial, and the diagram play a major role in showing how labor is distributed from the top managers, who are the board of directors, to the support staff. One way that an organization may overlay its strategies down the hierarchy is through the system of formal authority. This system is somewhat a map that only shows how information flows from the top managers to the foreman or from the purchasing agents to the shippers. However, it does not inform us on the specific activity that takes place in every section. At a glance, one may know the p ositions that exist in an organization and the manner in which authority flows in the organization. The system of regulated flows is as well incorporated in the operations of the organization. The flow of production is well broken down from the administrative hierarchy to control the centre of operations. Another flow of communication within the organization is the informal communication system which has the role of laying emphasis on the coordination process amount the employees in the various departments. The communication layout among the employees in the organization is very essential. Through communication, the operations within the organization beginning from the top managers to suppliers and the shipping department will be smoothly run without encountering barriers that may cripple the efforts made. There are sections within the organization that do not need official attention and thus such sections only gain access to the unofficial communications posed to them. From the dia gram, it can be clearly seen that the arrows move from one part to the other without a clearly defined path. This is a clear indication that the informal communication does not take a specific path to its destination. The information relayed may by-pass one department to the other, but the message would still be relevant and fruitful in the end. The organizational structure depicted above may be attributed to the Waterstones Company. The flow of operations in this company takes the different systems discussed therein within the organization. It follows the traditional hierarchy of the organizational structure, which consist of Board of directors, Chief operations officer, departmental heads and employees. Waterstones is the largest book retailer in the UK and Ireland. Recommendations and Implementations 1. Implement a well defined Hierarchy. The top manager will oversee all the operations of the organization. 2. Every department should be managed by a skilled and knowledgeable indiv idual. The departmental heads will oversee the operations within their own department and ensure that what is delivered is up to the standards required by the board of directors. 3. Layout a channel for communication. Since communication is an essential tool in passing of information, the entire organization has to speak a common language that is understood by everyone. Through this, flow of information within the o

Language of Robinson Crusoe Essay Example for Free

Language of Robinson Crusoe Essay Daniel Dafoe’s popular novel, originally titled The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York, Mariner: Who lived Eight and Twenty Years, all alone in an uninhabited Island on the Coast of America, near the Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; Having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck, wherein all the Men perished but himself. With an Account how he was at last as strangely deliver’d by Pyrates (iii), like most classics underwent many editions through the years. However nothing but the first edition, which is the basis of this essay, can give us the look and feel of the time as intended to be shown by the author. Early Modern English According to Volume 14 of The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes, Early Modern English period marked the expansion of the use of the English language outside England. But since English was spread at various times it has been subjected to different influences and additional variations caused by attempts at etymological spelling (Ward et al ch 15 sec 3 par 1). These were evident in the novel in two aspects of language: grammar and vocabulary (Ward et al ch 15 sec 1 par 1-2). Among the inflectional changes during the early modern English was the dropping of the weak vowel in verbs ending in –ed (Ward et al. ch 15 sec 4 par. 7). Examples of these manifested not only in the title (the word deliver’d) but within the text itself such as call’d, fill’d, encreas’d, and fatigu’d. Spelling also appeared to be phonetically defective (Ward et al. ch 15 sec 3 par. 1) with words like perswasions, lyon, lye, and prophetick. Compounding of words were also used in the novel by examples of free-school, hand-maids, ground-tackle and fellow-slave. However, the change in the verbs as well as the defects in spelling was not applied to the entire novel which makes us consider the reasons for such use. Towards a Purity in Style Daniel Defoe, in his book An Essay upon Projects, emphasized that it was the responsibility of the society to polish and refine the English tongue and to purge it from all the irregular additions that ignorance and affectation have introduced as befitted the noblest and most comprehensive of all the vulgar languages in the world (8). The spread of the English language was depicted in the novel when Robinson Crusoe teaches his servant Friday the English language. We may notice from an excerpt of their discourse below that although essentially Crusoe and Friday came to communicate effectively with each other, Friday’s English differs much from Crusoe’s parallel to their difference in status and origin: Friday, My Nation beat much, for all that. Master, How beat; if your Nation beat them, how come you to be taken? Friday, They more many than my Nation in the Place where me was; they take one, two, three, and me; my Nation over beat them in the yonder Place, where me no was; there my Nation take one, two, great Thousand. Master, But why did not your Side recover you from the Hands of your Enemies then? Friday, They run one, two, three, and me, and make go in the Canoe; my Nation have no Canoe that time. (Defoe, â€Å"Robinson Crusoe† 254) Much is the same circumstance that brought about the variations and additions to the English language in which Defoe is clamoring for purity (â€Å"An Essay upon Projects† 8). Shoar and Shore. Aside from the defective spelling mentioned earlier is the variation in the spelling (Ward et al. ch 15 sec 3 par. 1). An example if this is the word shore, spelled shore and shoar, in different context of the novel. It may be noted that shoar was only used in the part of Robinson Crusoe’s mishaps. That is to say, from the part of his captivity at Sallee until before his wreck on the island. These mishaps, Crusoe later reflected on, were results of his ignorance in the Providence of God and malcontent thus the use of the spelling shoar. While his solitary life in the island described the learning process he underwent to survive and finally live harmoniously with his surroundings; hence the renewed use of the spelling shore. In this regard, one may interpret that the use of the word was intentional to show the need and difficulty in creating a standard for the English language. viz. and (viz.). The use of foreign language in novels is quite common throughout the ages. As such, we came to attention on the use of the Latin word viz. Oxford English Dictionary defines viz. as the abbreviation of videlicet which generally means namely or that is to say (1033). Although Defoe used viz. without parenthesis and viz. in parenthesis based on the same definition, its participation in the statement are quite different. The viz. without parenthesis was used in identifying and qualifying statements such as the â€Å"All the rest of that Day I spent in afflicting my self at the dismal Circumstances I was brought to, viz. I had neither Food, House, Clothes, Weapon, or Place to fly to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Robinson Crusoe† 82). On the other hand, viz. in parenthesis, which appeared in lines like â€Å"This was what I wish’d for; so I took them up, and serv’d them as we serve notorious Thieves in England, (viz.) Hang’d them in Chains for a Terror to others†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Robinson Crusoe† 138), was used as such in order to explain earlier statement. The use of parenthesis to differentiate the use of the same word in the novel further reflects Defoe’s quest for refinement of the English language as mentioned previously. Conclusion Indeed, regardless of the plot of the story which categorized it to fiction, the culture and language of the time is unmistakable. Robinson Crusoe, in its original version, allows us the indulgence to peek and appreciate not only the early modern English language but the period as well. The flexibility of the language then reflected the society of that time as it has always been for any period or era. At the same time, the novel provided additional venue for the author to disseminate his ideas and further his individual attempt towards the transition to the modern English language and insertions to the importance of learning across the spectrum of the society. Such power language has to influence its readers, whether consciously or unconsciously. And the duality that the novel showed made it a favorite among children and adults alike. Fulfilling its objectives to entertain and propagate (however subtle it may be). Works Cited Defoe, Daniel. An Essay Upon Projects. New York: Adamant Media Corporation, 2005. Print. . The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York, Mariner: Who lived Eight and Twenty Years, all alone in an uninhabited Island on the Coast of America, near the Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; Having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck, wherein all the Men perished but himself. With an Account how he was at last as strangely deliver’d by Pyrates. London: printed for W. Taylor, 1719. Print. Oxford English Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Print. Ward, Aldolphus William, Sir, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907-21; New York: Bartleby.com, 2000 (Web) April 1, 2009.

Women Employment In India

Women Employment In India Indias economy has undergone a substantial transformation since the countrys independence in 1947. Agriculture now accounts for only one-third of the gross domestic product (GDP), down from 59 percent in 1950, and a wide range of modern industries and support services now exist. In spite of these changes, agriculture continues to dominate employment, employing two-thirds of all workers. India faced economic problems in the late 1980s and early 1990s that were exacerbated by the Persian Gulf Crisis. Starting in 1992, India began to implement trade liberalization measures. The economy has grown-the GDP growth rate ranged between 5 and 7 percent annually over the period and considerable progress has been made in loosening government regulations, particularly restrictions on private businesses. Different sectors of economy have different experiences about the impact of the reforms. In a country like India, productive employment is central to poverty reduction strategy and to bring about economic equality in the society. But the results of unfettered operation of market forces are not always equitable, especially in India, where some groups are likely to be subjected to disadvantage as a result of globalization. Women constitute one such vulnerable group. Since the times immemorial, worth of the work done or services rendered by women has not been recognized. India is a multifaceted society where no generalization could apply to the entire nations various regional, religious, social, and economic groups. Nevertheless, certain broad circumstances in which Indian women live affect the ways they participate in the economy. Indian society is extremely hierarchical with virtually everyone ranked relative to others according to their caste (or caste-like group), class, wealth, and power. This ranking even exists in areas where it is not openly acknowledged, such as certain business settings. Though specific customs vary from region to region within the country, there are different standards of behavior for men and women that carry over into the work environment. Women are expected to be chaste and especially modest in all actions that may constrain their ability to perform in the workplace on an equal basis with men. Another related aspect of life in India is that women are generally confined to home thus restricting their mobility and face seclusion. The women face constraints beyond those already placed on them by other hierarchical practices. These cultural rules place some Indian women, particularly those of lower caste, in a paradoxical situation: when a family suffers economically, people often think that a woman should go out and work, yet at the same time the womans participation in employment outside the home is viewed as slightly inappropriate, subtly wrong, and definitely dangerous to their chastity and womanly virtue. When a family recovers from an economic crisis or attempts to improve its status, women may be kept at home as a demonstration of the familys morality and as a symbol of its financial security. As in many other countries, working women of all segments of Indian society faces various forms of discrimination including sexual harassment. Even professional women find discrimination to be prevalen t: two-thirds of the women in one study felt that they had to work harder to receive the same benefits as comparably employed men. A section of Indian womenthe elite and the upper middle class have gained by the exposure to the global network. More women are engaged in business enterprises, in international platforms like the Inter-Parliamentary Union, and have greater career opportunities as a result of international network. Freer movement of goods and capital is helpful to this section. But most women continue to remain marginalized as they are generally employed in a chain of work and seldom allowed independent charge of her job. Sharing of responsibility at work place or taking independent decisions is still a remote possibility for them. Economic independence of women is important as it enhances their ability to take decisions and exercise freedom of choice, action. Many of the workingwomen, who control their own income, do contribute towards the economic needs of family as and when required. They often participate in discussions at their work place and their views are given due weightage before any final decision. Workingwomen do use and spend their income at their own sweet will but sometimes permission of the husband becomes necessary for the purpose. However when it comes to making investments, they often leave it to their husband or other male member of the family to invest on their behalf. Many of them do not take decision even in case of important investments, like, life insurance, national saving schemes or other tax saving investments. Workingwomen do feel concerned about the economic needs of the family but when not consulted in such matters, they regret being ignored especially when they contribute monetarily towards economic wellbeing of the family. After globalization women are able to get more jobs but the work they get is more casual in nature or is the one that men do not prefer to do or is left by them to move to higher or better jobs. Globalization has indeed raised hopes of women for a better and elevated status arising out of increased chances to work but, at the same time, it has put them in a highly contradictory situation where they have the label of economically independent paid workers but are not able to enjoy their economic liberty in real sense of the term. India is the first among countries to give women equal franchise and has a highly credible record with regard to the enactment of laws to protect and promote the interests of women, but women continue to be denied economic, social and legal rights and privileges. Though they are considered to be equal partners in progress, yet they remain subjected to repression, marginalisation and exploitation. It has been advocated by many researchers (Amartya Sen, 1990) that independent earning opportunities reduce the economic dependence of woman on men and increase her bargaining power in the family. This bargaining power depends on the nature of work she is employed in. But the income earning activities increase the workload of a woman unless the man accepts an increased share in domestic w ork. Since globalization is introducing technological inputs, women are being marginalized in economic activities, men traditionally being offered new scopes of learning and training. Consequently, female workers are joining the informal sector or casual labor force more than ever before. For instance, while new rice technology has given rise to higher use of female labor, the increased work-load for women is in operations that are unrecorded, and often unpaid, since these fall within the category of home production activities. The weaker sections, especially the women, are denied the physical care they deserve. There is, thus, hardly any ability for the majority of Indian women to do valuable functioning; the capability to choose from alternatives is conspicuous by absence. Although most women in India work and contribute to the economy in one form or another, much of their work is not documented or accounted for in official statistics. Women plow fields and harvest crops while working on farms, women weave and make handicrafts while working in household industries, women sell food and gather wood while working in the informal sector. Additionally, women are traditionally responsible for the daily household chores (e.g., cooking, fetching water, and looking after children). Although the cultural restrictions women face are changing, women are still not as free as men to participate in the formal economy. In the past, cultural restrictions were the primary impediments to female employment now however; the shortage of jobs throughout the country contributes to low female employment as well. The Indian census divides workers into two categories: main and marginal workers. Main workers include people who worked for 6 months or more during the year, while ma rginal workers include those who worked for a shorter period. Many of these workers are agricultural laborers. Unpaid farm and family enterprise workers are supposed to be included in either the main worker or marginal worker category, as appropriate. Women account for a small proportion of the formal Indian labor force, even though the number of female main workers has grown faster in recent years than that of their male counterparts. Since Indian culture hinders womens access to jobs in stores, factories, and the public sector, the informal sector is particularly important for women. More women may be involved in undocumented or disguised wage work than in the formal labor force. There are estimates that over 90 percent of workingwomen are involved in the informal sector and not included in, official statistics. The informal sector includes jobs such as domestic servant, small trader, artisan, or field laborer on a family farm. Most of these jobs are unskilled and low paying and do not provide benefits to the worker. Although such jobs are supposed to be recorded in the census, undercounting is likely because the boundaries between these activities and other forms of household work done by women are often clouded thus, the actual labor force participation rate for women is likely to be higher than that which can be calculated from available data. Women working in the informal sector of Indias economy are also sus ceptible to critical financial risks. Particularly vulnerable are the poorest of the poor. Should they become ill, lose their job, or be unable to continue working, they and their families may fall into debt and find themselves in the depths of poverty. At risk are millions of poor who depend on the income generated by one or more women in their household. These women do not have regular salaried employment with welfare benefits like workers in the organized sector of the labor market. Female workers tend to be younger than males. According to the 2001 census, the average age of all female workers was 33.6 compared with the male average of 36.50. As per 2011 censusthere areover 1,219,300,00 people living in India, which makes it the second most populous country in the world, following China. Women are 48.50 per cent of the general population of India. There is a gender gap at birth. For every 100 girls born, there are 112 boys born; this gap is even wider in some regions.Of all ages, the gender gap is 100 females for every 108 males.In 2009-2010, women were 26.1per cent of all rural workers, and 13.8per cent of all urban workers. As per 2011 census women are an estimated 31.20 per cent of all economically active individuals. Women earn 62per cent of mens salary for equal work and 26.20per cent of women compared to 9.0per cent of men cited a lack of role models as a barrier to advancement. In an effort to recruit more women employees, some companies are offering 25% bonuses for female employee referrals. India ranked towards the bottom of the 134 countries, with a ranking of 113, on the 2011 Global Gender Gap Index. Indian Women received 12 weeks paid maternity leave. India has a young workforce and population. In the next ten years, with both younger people and women entering the workforce, India expects to add an additional 110 million people to its labour force. In the next 40 years, India is projected to add 424 million working-age adults. These data are reported by local employment offices that register the number of people looking for work. The accuracy of, these data is questionable because many unemployed people may not register at these offices if there are no perceived benefits to registering. In addition, the offices operate more extensively in urban areas, thus likely undercounting unemployment in rural areas. One would expect that as cultural impediments to work decrease, younger women would be the ones entering the workforce; older women who have never worked in the formal sector are not likely to start working later in life. Throughout the economy, women tend to hold lower-level positions than men even when they have sufficient skills to perform higher-level jobs. Researchers have estimated that female agricultural laborers were usually paid 40 to 60 percent of the male wage. Even when women occupy similar positions and have similar educational levels, they earn just 80 percent of what men do, though this is better than in most developing countries. The public sector hires a greater share of women than does the private sector, but wages in the public sector are less egalitarian despite laws requiring equal pay for equal work. There is evidence that suggests that technological progress sometimes has a negative impact on womens employment opportunities. When a new technology is introduced to automate specific manual labor, women may lose their jobs because they are often responsible for the manual duties. For instance, one village irrigated its fields through a bucket system in which women were very active. When the village replaced the manual irrigation system with a tube well irrigation system, women lost their jobs. Many other examples exist where manual tasks such as wheat grinding and weeding are replaced by wheat grinding machines, herbicides, and other modern technologies. These examples are not meant to suggest that women would be better off with the menial jobs rather they illus trate how women have been pushed out of traditional occupations. Women may not benefit from jobs created by the introduction of new technology. New jobs (e.g., wheat grinding machine operator) usually go to men, and it is even rare for women to be employed in the factories producing such equipment. National Sample Survey data exemplify this trend. Since the 1970s, total female self-employment and regular employment have been decreasing as a proportion of total employment in rural areas, while casual labor has been increasing (NSSO, 1994). Other data reinforce the conclusion that employment options for female agricultural workers have declined, and that many women seek casual work in other sectors characterized by low wages and low productivity. Other agricultural work includes workers involved with livestock, forestry, fishing and hunting, plantations, orchards, and related activities. Even if a woman is employed, she may not have control over the money she earns, though this money often plays an important role in the maintenance of the household. In Indian culture women are expected to devote virtually all of their time, energy, and earnings to their family. Men, on the other hand, are expected to spend time and at least some of their earnings on activities outside the household. Research has shown that women contribute a higher share of their earnings to the family and are less likely to spend it on themselves. Research has suggested that as the share of the family income contributed by woman increases, so does the likelihood that she will manage this income. However, the extent to which women retain control over their own income varies from household to household and region to region. Many women still sought their husbands permission when they wanted to purchase something for themselves. In northern India, where more stringent cultural restrictions are in place, it is likely that few women control family finances. Conditions of working women in India have improved considerably in the recent years. Ironically, despite the improvement in their status, they still find themselves dependent on men. It is because of the fact that man in patriarchal society has always wielded economic independence and power to take decision. Since the working woman earns an independent income in the same patriarchal set-up, where the basic infrastructure of society has hardly changed, though her own role within the same structure is passing through a transitional phase, it is but natural that she would remain vulnerable to exploitation even in her economically independent state. Society perhaps yet needs to accord due recognition to women to take the lead role and women, at the same time; need to be oriented vigorously towards assuming this role in the society. 1.2. Status of Working Women in India Tapping its rich mine of educated female talent has been an important factor in allowing India to become one of the worlds fastest-growing economies. But recently this particular dynamo has been showing signs of strain. According to Women of Tomorrow a recent Nielsen survey of 6,500 women across 21 different nations, Indian women are the most stressed in the world today. An overwhelming 87per cent of Indian women said they felt stressed most of the time, and 82per cent reported that they had no time to relax. The Nielsen surveys respondents blame the difficulty of juggling multiple roles at home and work. Career opportunities for women in the New India are rapidly expanding, but family expectations and social mores remain rooted in tradition. Not surprisingly, the most stress is felt among women between 25 and 55 years of age, who are trying to balance demanding careers with obligations at home. We discovered some of these pushes and pulls in our research for our upcoming book, winning the war for talent in emerging markets: Why Women are the solution. Traditional family structures have a disproportionate effect on Indian women, even those who are urban, college-educated professionals, and especially for those who are the first generation in their families to have a career. Indian women are pulled by demands from relatives as they attempt to conform to the paradigm of ideal daughter, ideal wife, and ideal daughter-in-law. Among the many interviews conducted in researching the book, it wasnt at all rare to hear of successful professionals who woke up at 4:30 a.m. to make breakfast and lunch for children and parents-in-law, put in a full day at work, then returned home to clean up after the extended family and prepare dinner. Ambitious women often feel they have to overcompensate at work, too, to counter ingrained preconceptions about their commitment or competence. Theres a sense that a woman is just working until she gets married, [that] she is not a long-term resource, said one senior finance professional. But proving their worth by putting in longer hours or volunteering for business trips the conventional methods to further ones career isnt always possible. Despite the technological prowess of Indias engineers and outsourcing firms, the countrys basic infrastructure isnt sophisticated enough to support telecommuting and work-from-home arrangements on a widespread basis. Furthermore, flex time is rarely an option in a workplace culture that focuses on face time rather than results, says Hema Ravichandar, human resources adviser and formerly the global head of HR at Infosys. Even in companies which have these facilities, it is not considered the right thing to do if you are serious about going up the corporate ladder, says Ravichandar. These stresses have serious ramifications for Indias continued economic growth. More than half (55per cent) of the Indian women interviewed have encountered workplace bias severe enough to make them consider scaling back their career goals, reducing their ambition and engagement, or quitting altogether, feeding into the very biases they grapple with and dealing a sharp blow to the countrys demographic dividend, a key factor in Indias growth which is experiencing its own stress. Some Indian companies are taking steps to help these stressed women. For example, Infosys, the Bangalore-based info-tech powerhouse, offers the Infosys Womens Inclusivity Network (IWIN). IWIN makes Infosys a female-friendly environment by identifying the stress points at which women tend to leave the organization and creating policies that help them deal with those stresses. Surveys showed that many Infosys women dropped out after getting married; the numbers skyrocketed after the birth of their first child and were almost universal after the second. In response, Infosys introduced a one-year child care sabbatical with the option of working part-time for the next two years. Further discussions help women have a say in how their company can help their work-life balance. Every year, we ask women, What are three things you want us to do?' to make Infosys more attractive to them and make it easier for them to do their job, says Nandita Gurjar, senior vice president and group head of human resources. We do all of them. Women are critical contributors in finance, info-tech, pharmaceutical research, and other industries that are driving the growth of India Inc, Easing the stresses that prevent them from reaching their full potential at work is a smart way for companies to attract and retain key talent. Keeping womens careers on track may not guarantee ongoing economic success but not doing so will surely limit it. 1.3 Work-Life Status of Women Work and family life have been an integral part of a womans life. These two together form an integrated whole and therefore attract a lot of attention. The need to study the inter-linkages becomes all the more important with an increasing number of women entering the formal labour market. The very fact that they go out of home to work in a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾public space poses all kinds of pulls and pushes upon home life which includes their à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾work to maintain home and the family. A plethora of research has been conducted to ascertain the impact of a job outside home on the home life and vice versa or to understand the relationship between the two. Research so far has been emphasizing the conflict between the home and office life of a woman as a result of employment outside the home. 1.4 Objectives After studying this Unit you will be able to: Describe the Quality of Life and its indicators; Analyze the importance of Work-life Balance; and Discuss the significance of developing the strategy to strike a balance in work and life. 1.5 Definitions In this section we focus on definitions of work-life balance and work-family expansion. 1.6 Work-Life Balance (WLB) Work-life balance is not a new concept. The change in the pattern of work and the concept of the workplace after the industrial revolution in the second half of the 18th century gave a new dimension to the concept of WLB. As time progressed, nuclear families increased. A later change was the fading away of the ideal home in which the earning members spouse took care of the home. With improved education and employment opportunities today, most homes are ones in which both parents work because of necessity and the desire to augment incomes. The need to create congenial conditions in which employees can balance work with their personal needs and desires became a factor that companies had to take note of both to retain them as well as to improve productivity. It was a compulsion that they could not afford to ignore. Having realized that, companies started introducing schemes to attract and retain employees and improve their productivity. Work-life balance is the extent to which individuals are equally involved in and equally satisfied with- their role and their family role. In his book managing work-life balance, David Clutter buck defines work-life balance as: being aware of different demands on time and energy; having the ability to make choices in the allocation of time and energy; knowing what values to apply to choices; and making choices. Work-Life Balance does not mean an equal balance. Trying to schedule an equal number of hours for each of various work and personal activities is usually unrewarding and unrealistic. Life is dynamic and not static. Each persons work-life balance will vary over time, often on a daily basis. The right balance for each one today will probably be different from tomorrow. The right balances differ when one is single and will be different when one marries or has a partner or if they have children. When one starts a new career versus when one is nearing retirement brings changes in work-life balance there is no perfect, one-size fits all, balance that one should be striving for. 1.7 Work-Family Expansion refers to the notion that: simultaneously engaging in multiple work and family roles is beneficial for the physical and mental relationship health of individuals. The quality of the roles, rather than the number of roles occupied or the amount of time spent in a particular role, determine the degree to which individuals experience the positive effects of participating in multiple roles. 1.8 Importance of work-life balance in womens lives Todays career women are continually challenged by the demands of full-time work and when the day is done at the office, they carry more of the responsibilities and commitments to home. The majority of women are working 40-45 hours per week and the majorities are struggling to achieve work-life balance. Women reported that their lives were a juggling act that included multiple responsibilities at work, heavy meeting schedules, business trips, in addition to managing the daily routine responsibilities of life and home. Successfully achieving work-life balance will ultimately create a more satisfied workforce that contributes to productivity and success in the workplace. Employers can facilitate WLB with many schemes that can attract women employees and satisfy their needs. Some of the schemes are: Facilities for child care; Financial planning services for employees who need them; Flexi-timings; Work sharing; Part-time employment; Leave plans both paid and unpaid to suit employees needs; Subsidized food plans; Insurance plans; Counselling services for problems like managing work and the home; Rest rooms, food preparation services; Jobs with autonomy and flexibility; Realistic workloads; and Review of work processes to see if the burden on employees can be lightened. (Source: http://www.indianmba.com/Occasional_Papers/OP183/op183.html) 1.9 work-life and family relationships Edwards Rothbard (2000) explain the relationship between work and family roles through a variety of linking mechanisms: Work-family conflict or interference refers to simultaneous pressures from the work and family domains that are mutually incompatible in some respect such that meeting the demands of one role makes it difficult to meet the demands of the other role. Sometimes referred to as negative spill over, work-family conflict can take different forms and can originate either in the work domain or the family domain. Work-family conflict and consequent outcomes can be buffered by various coping behaviours. Some researchers have looked into how Asian women cope with these stressors, and Halls (1972) typology of coping provides a useful way to categorize these coping behaviours. Lo, Stone, and Ng (2003) found that the most popular strategy for coping in their sample was personal role re-definition (i.e., changing ones own role expectation and not the expectations themselves, such as prioritizing time with children over grocery shopping [Lo et al., 2003]), followed by reactive role behaviour (i.e., assuming a rigidity of role expectations such that the person has no choice but to find ways to meet them), and finally structural role re-definition (i.e., changing the expectations imposed by an external source, such as flexible work scheduling or spousal negotiation of household roles). Other studies have found Asian women to employ similar coping strategies. For example, Lee, Um and Kim (2004) found that married Korean women often coped by working harder in reaction to their role conflicts (a reactive role behaviour), which was associated with higher rates of depression compared to those who coped through other strategies such as negotiation with their spouse and prioritizing household tasks. Asian professional women may also cope reactively by lowering their career ambitions, as evidenced by an absence of women from the top levels. Ayree, Luk, Leung, and Lo (1999) framed coping behaviours in terms of emotion-focused coping (i.e. regulating distress created by the appraisal of stressors) and problem-focused coping (i.e. removing the negative impact of a stressor) and found that these efforts, in concert, positively influenced job and family satisfaction. Several studies have also cited greater help from extended family or domestic workers in some Asian cultures, which can alleviate some of the burdens of work-family conflict. Enlisting the social support of husbands in domestic roles also helps to redefine structural roles, thus reducing work-family stress. Some studies have sought to explore the extent to which workplaces are accommodating structural role re-definition. Unfortunately, in Asian societies, there is little dialogue between women and their employers with respect to work-family issues. This may be less true in societies with longer histories of egalitarian policies around gender and work. The following section will elaborate upon the implications for research and practice that extend to what is currently known about Asian womens experiences with work and family. Work family accommodation refers to the process by which individuals reduce their involvement in one role to accommodate the demands of the other role. Work-family accommodation can be used as a strategy in response to actual or anticipated work-family conflict such that individuals reduce their involvement in a role that is less important to them. The reduction in involvement can take either of two forms: behavioral (i.e. curtailing the amount of time devoted to a role) or psychological (i.e. restricting the level of ego attachment to a particular role). Work-life compensation refers to efforts by individuals to offset dissatisfaction in one role by seeking satisfaction in another role. These efforts can take the form of decreasing involvement in a dissatisfying role and increasing involvement in a more satisfying role. Alternately, individuals may respond to dissatisfaction in one role by pursuing rewarding or fulfilling experiences in the other role. The latter form of compensation can be either supplemental or reactive in nature. Supplemental compensation occurs when individuals shift their pursuits for rewarding experiences from a dissatisfying role to a potentially more satisfying one, e.g., individuals with little autonomy at work seek more autonomy outside of their work role. On the other hand, reactive compensation represents individual efforts to release negative experiences in one role by pursuing contrasting experiences in the other role such as engaging in leisure activities after a fatiguing day at work. Work- family segmentation originally referred to the notion that work and family roles are independent of one another such that individuals can participate in one role without any influence on the other role. More recently, segmentation has been viewed as an international separation of work and family roles such that the thoughts, feelingsand behaviours of one role are actively suppressed from affecting the individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s performance in the other role. Work-family enrichment refers to the process by which one role strengthens or enriches the quality of the other role. Work-family enrichment also refers to work-family enhancement, work-family facilitation and positive spill over. All these terms describe the notion that a variety of resources from work and family roles have the capacity to provide experiences in the other role. Unlike conflict or interference, two mechanisms that ar

Marketing :: essays research papers

Rockford Register Star Sunday, March 27, 2005 Business Section, Page 4C Hyundai, Kia shift gears to pass competition   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this article, the Rockford Register Star discusses the most recent marketing changes in the Korean owned auto companies of Kia and Hyundai. The Korean cars are the second fastest growing car brand in America, trailing behind BMW. Kia and Hyundai had only two car models in 1999; and as of 2005 there are nine. They have announced their â€Å"24/7† plan that they say they will introduce seven new cars in the next twenty-four months. They plan to introduce and promote a new line of cars in the United States that appeal to the budget of everyone. They have lower end cheaper sedan cars and higher end luxury style sedans that may be a little more expensive that compare with that of the Honda Accord or Toyota Camry. The new line also included a sporty vehicle that will appeal to that of a gear-head teen who desires more power which ensuring a focus on safety with six air bags and the normal equipment that is standard on modern cars. (ABS, Electronic Stability Co ntrol, CD/Stereo, etc). Kia and Hyundai promises that their cars are reliable and worth the dollar. As said in â€Å"Consumer Reports Magazine†, The Hyundia Sonata was named most reliable car in the 2004 model year. The article states that with the introduction of these new cars and new quality standards, Kia and Hyundai will new competition for Japan’s Big 3 auto companies. The article stated that names Kia and Hyundai are now auto names respected and associated with quality and a standard of safety.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This article deals with our business class in a sense that Kia and Hyundai are creating cars and marketing them to appeal to all types of people in all ranges of income. These cars will have a reasonable price and yet have the quality of the industry standards. They are marketing these cars with a status of quality and reliability that is now associated with the Korean based auto companies to compete with other auto companies; both domestic and imported vehicles while at the same time offering a variety of styles to appease the desires of a vast group of ages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I’ve learned that companies, if they want to be successful, need to market a product to the right people at the rice price. Also, companies need to market a product with a variety of styles to catch the eye of different shoppers.

The Influences of Family Communication Patterns on Adult Children

The Influences of Family Communication Patterns on Adult Children’s Perceptions of Romantic Behaviors by Michael Fowler, MS, Judy C. Pearson, Ph. D. , & Stephenson J. Beck, Ph. D. PART A SUMMARY The study of the researchers is to explore how family communication patterns influence the use of interpersonal behaviors for maintaining a committed romantic relationship for example dating, engaged or married. Specifically, the study examined the relationship between family communication pattern, rituals, and relational maintenance in adult children’s romantic relationships.The results of the study showed that co orientation and couple-time rituals were related. Conversation orientation was related to all seven relational maintenance behaviors. Finally, conformity orientation was related to conflict management. The research concludes that the family is considered the pinnacle relationship in the human experience (Floyd Mikkelson, & Judd, 2006). The family is where most communi cative behaviors are learned and developed (Bruner, 1990; Fitzpatrick & Caughlin, 2002).In addition, early family experiences affect later perceptions of behavior (Pecchioni et al. , 2006; Whitton et al. , 2008). This study demonstrates that family patterns may extend into both ritualized activities and to maintenance behaviors of adult children. Mundane behaviors that couples experience in their daily lives may contribute to the health of a relationship by providing a foundation for major couple events (Driver & Gottman, 2004). Part CAccording to the author, the family may well be the most important context for understanding communication since the family environment is where most communicative behaviors are learned and developed. Thus, it would seem plausible that communication patterns among family-of-origin members influence future relational behaviors. I agreed with the author as the family is the core of every children growing process where we observe what our parents do and w e tend to follow.As Koerner and Fitzpatrick (1997) state, â€Å"Families are children’s primary socialization agents† which family is the one who socialize with the children from the beginning as teaches them how to behave and their attitude which may influence future spousal interactions. As Huang (1999) points out, research has shown that family communication patterns and styles in? uence children’s attitudes and behaviors in a number of areas. In which it influence the family members on understanding of the social environment.

mortal pursuit essays

mortal pursuit essays Trish Robinson- She is a rookie cop that entered the police force for about a week. She has not done very much for her first week being a cop, but today she would never imagine what she had to go through. On the first day of her second week she get yelled at by her captain for being late, so he assigns her to go along with an experienced cop on a night watch. From the very firs minute that the cop meets her, he can tell that she is very special, and he knows that she will become a really good cop. Ally Kent- She is a little girl that is being held hostage at her own home along with her family, and her parents friends. She is only 15 years old but she is very smart, and very mature for her age. Through out the whole ordeal she quickly becomes a victim and almost gets raped by the headman of the whole operation. Until Trish and her partner come to the house, Ally becomes a really good friend of Trish Robinson. Cain- He is the terrorist that has broken into the Kent household for the evening, him and his killing-crazy buddies have made the house a battlefield. He had plans to rob the Kents and make a couple of deals with Mr. Kent. Not until Trish Robinson shows up he knows the true meaning of hatred towards another person, but he also learns that its going to be really hard to get rid of her. Its just another routine patrol for Trish Robinson and her partner Wald. Everything was going good until they both responded to a prowler watch outside of the Kent estate, in the mean time Cain and his deadly killers are plotting to trap the Kents and their guests inside their beautiful home. On the way to the Kents house Wald is reassuring Trish that theres nothing to worry about and that she will be fine, and usually when someone is reporting a prowler outside their home its an animal or something. It makes her feel better, bu ...

Africa Cokes Last Frontier

Africa Cokes Last Frontier Article Summary This article gives an overview of Coke’s presence in Africa. The author begins by giving a case study of a shopkeeper in Kenya who sells Coke products in her retail store. In the case study, an estimate reveals that per capita consumption of Coke products is 39 servings in one year.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Africa: Cokes Last Frontier specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Stanford compares this consumption with Mexico, one of the biggest consumers of Coke, and mentions that it consumes 665 servings of Coke in the same duration (Stanford, para. 1). The author surveys various markets around the world, such as South Africa, China, India, Zambia, United States etc, and makes interesting observations. He concludes that Africa seems to have a lot of potential as a marketing area for Coke. The CEO of Coke, Muhtar Kent, asserts that Coke seems to be potentially in danger of losing its market share. In 1989, Americans bought $2.6billion worth of Coke, yet over the next two decades, this figure rose only by $0.3billion. This seems to be the case for most developed countries, making continents like Africa a potential â€Å"savior† for this multi-million dollar company. Implications for Professionals Involved in Coke’s Strategic Management The strategic management team must consider the above statistic in creating their strategic plan over the next decade. As it seems, developed countries like the USA do not promise a brighter future for the company. Nevertheless, the volume of money changing hands in developing countries like Kenya and South Africa implies that Coke has a better chance of scoring in third-world countries. This means that the company should make more investments in these countries as they have the potential to generate the much needed 7-9% growth investors expect from Coke Corporation. This means that the management needs to boost its distribution t eam so that more supplies and more product varieties reach such shops, as those analyzed in the case study. Some of the strategies that the managerial team needs to implement in these countries include making the products more affordable for the market, though one has to consider the budget that will make this to work out. The other strategy that Coca-Cola can employ is making sure that distribution channels are effective. This way, the company can cut down on transportation and distribution costs thereby lowering operation costs and hence product prices. The product’s packaging should also be strong enough to withhold some of the harsh conditions in these war-torn countries. In other words, the maintenance costs of the products should be minimal. Finally, Coca-Cola should consider economics of scale, and sell the product more in mass numbers rather than on a retail basis in these developing countries.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see i f we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The professionals in the managerial team may also have to look deeper into ways of combating their competitors all around the developed world. For example, China’s Coca-Cola Company is facing stiff competition from Wahaha, a beverage company owned by the richest man in China (Stanford, para. 5). This means that their marketing team needs to come up with strategies of drawing more customers to their side. In countries like India, where Pepsi is the main competitor, the company needs to adopt newer ways to increase sales and improve profit margins (Stanford, para. 7). Conclusion There is still a bright future for Coca-Cola, but there needs to be keenness in handling some of the managerial decisions in the executive team. Competition against Coca-Cola is intense, and it will take a bit more aggressive marketing techniques to win over more customers. Work Cited Stanford, Duane. Africa: Cokes Last Fron tier. Bloomberg Businessweek. October 2010.  Web.

Complete List Colleges With Rolling Admissions

Complete List Colleges With Rolling Admissions SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Deadlines are stressful- so why not get rid of them? Well, some colleges do just that. Rather than having a fixed application deadline, these schools open up a period of time for you to submit your application. Rolling admission doesn'tmean you won't have any timeline, though. This guide will go over what rolling admission means as you apply to college and also provide you with a complete list of colleges with rolling admissions. What Is Rolling Admission? Rolling admission is an application option that allows you to apply within a window of time. This window usually opens up in the fall, commonly September 1, and lasts through the spring, or until all spots in the upcoming class have been filled. This option differs from regular decision, early action, and early decision, whichall have set deadlines and are unlikely to accept a late application. That being said, the fact that rolling admission colleges will accept your application throughout the year doesn't take the pressure off completely.As I mentioned above,the application window will be open until all spots have been filled. Admissions committees review applications as they roll in and send back a decision soon after. Typically, you'll hear back four to eight weeks after you apply. In some cases, you might hear back just two weeks later! Additionally, some schools with rolling admissions still have deadlines. For example, Michigan State University advises students to submit their applications by November 1st if they want maximum scholarship consideration. Keep in mind that this isgenerallyhow rolling admissions work, but this process can vary from school to school. That's why it's very important you check with each school to see how their rolling admissions process works. (To see how rolling admissions can vary from school to school, be sure to read our write-ups on Michigan State's and Penn State's rolling application processes in the next section.) Doing a little research on each university's policies can save you headache- and heartache- later. Let's take a look at some popular collegeswithrolling admissions. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Popular Schools With Rolling Admissions Here are some popular universities with rolling admissions (listed alphabetically): Arizona State University Indiana University Bloomington Michigan State University* Pennsylvania State University (Penn State)* Quinnipiac University Texas AM University University of Alabama University of Maine University of New Haven University of Pittsburgh University of Tulsa While all of these schools have a rolling admissions process, it's worth pointing out that Michigan State's and Penn State's rolling admissions work a little differently. Michigan State divides their admission process into three stages: early action, regular, and rolling. If you apply before November 1, you're considered an early action applicant. Both regular and rolling admissions applicants submit their applications after February 1. The only difference between these three types of applicants is when you'll receive an admission decision. Early action applicants will get their notifications by January 15, regular applicants will hear by March 31, and rolling applicants will hear eight to 12 weeks after they submit their admissions materials. Also, while applying early doesn't increase your chances of admission, it does increase your odds of receiving scholarship money. Be sure to visit their website for more information about this process. Like Michigan State, Penn State handles their rolling admissions a little differently as well. Penn State uses what they call a "rolling admissions process." Michigan State begins accepting applications in August, but rolling admissions doesn't kick in until January 31. Students who apply early have the best chance of admission. Additionally, some of their programs, like the accelerated pre-med and nursing programs, have firm (non-rolling) application deadlines. (You can check out the recommended submission deadlines- along with decision notification dates- on the MSU Admissions website.) Complete List of Schools With Rolling Admissions Here's the full list of schools with rolling admissions in alphabetical order. Just scroll down to find the ones you're interested in or use ctrl + F to search for a school directly. We've also included the admission rate for each school so you can see how difficult it is to get in. School State Admission Rate Academy of Art University CA 100 Adams State University CO 99 Adelphi University NY 73 Adrian College MI 56 Adventist University of Health Sciences FL 97 Alabama AM University AL 51 Alabama State University AL 48 Alaska Bible College AK - Alaska Pacific University AK 55 Albany State University GA 50 Albertus Magnus College CT 67 Albion College MI 71 Albright College PA 50 Alcorn State University MS 79 Alderson-Broaddus College WV 41 Alfred State College NY 68 Alfred University NY 63 Allen College IA 100 Alma College MI 64 Alvernia University PA 75 Alverno College WI 78 American Academy of Art IL - American Baptist College TN 82 American International College MA 72 American Jewish University CA 61 American University of Puerto Rico PR 83 Amridge University AL - Anderson University SC - Andrews University MI 58 Angelo State University TX 74 Anna Maria College MA 80 Appalachian Bible College WV 56 Aquinas College TN 75 Arcadia University PA 62 Arizona State University AZ 84 Arkansas Baptist College AR - Arkansas State University AR 70 Arkansas Tech University AR 95 Arlington Baptist College TX 59 Art Academy of Cincinnati OH 21 Asbury University KY 70 Ashford University IA - Ashland University OH 76 Assumption College MA 79 Atlantic University College PR - Auburn University at Montgomery AL 79 Augsburg College MN 59 Augustana College IL 49 Augustana University SD 69 Aurora University IL 77 Austin Peay State University TN 88 Averett University VA 62 Azusa Pacific University CA 60 Bacone College OK - Baker College of Auburn Hills MI 100 Baker College of Cadillac MI 100 Baker College of Clinton Township MI 100 Baker College of Jackson MI 100 Baker College of Muskegon MI 100 Baker College of Owosso MI 100 Baker College of Port Huron MI 100 Baker University KS 86 Baldwin Wallace University OH 78 Baptist Bible College MO 76 Baptist Bible College and Seminary PA 38 Baptist College of Florida FL 62 Baptist Missionary Association Theological Seminary TX - Barclay College KS 67 Bard College at Simon's Rock MA 89 Barry University FL 85 Barton College NC 39 Bay Path College MA 63 Beacon College FL 53 Becker College MA 69 Belhaven University MS 59 Bellevue University NE - Bellin College WI - Belmont Abbey University NC 68 Belmont University TN 81 Bemidji State University MN 66 Benedict College SC - Benedictine College KS 98 Benedictine University IL 62 Bennett College NC 89 Berea College KY 35 Berry College GA 62 Bethany College KS 70 Bethany College WV 70 Bethel College IN 90 Bethel University MN 84 Bethel University TN 67 Bethesda University of California CA 95 Bethune-Cookman University FL 54 Beulah Heights University GA 100 Blackburn College IL 52 Blessing-Reiman College of Nursing IL 66 Bloomfield College NJ 62 Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania PA 73 Blue Mountain College MS 100 Bluefield State College WV 83 Bluffton University OH 49 Bob Jones University SC 86 Boise Bible College ID 100 Boricua College NY 40 Boston Architectural College MA 15 Boston Baptist College MA - Bowie State University MD 41 Bowling Green State University OH 68 Bradley University IL 71 Brenau University GA 66 Brescia University KY 42 Brevard College NC 43 Brewton-Parker College GA 54 Briarcliffe College NY - Bridgewater College VA 52 Bridgewater State University MA 80 Brigham Young University–Hawaii HI 58 Brooklyn College (CUNY) NY 38 Bryan College TN 54 Bryn Athyn College PA 88 Buena Vista University IA 64 Buffalo State College NY 60 Burlington College VT 86 Butler University IN 65 Cabrini College PA 71 Cairn University PA 99 Caldwell University NJ 64 California Baptist University CA 77 California College of the Arts CA 70 California Institute of the Arts CA 25 California Maritime Academy CA 67 California National University for Advanced Studies CA - California State Polytechnic University, Pomona CA 55 California State University Dominguez Hills CA 77 California State University East Bay CA 74 California State University Fullerton CA 46 California State University Long Beach CA 29 California State University Northridge CA 48 California State University San Bernardino CA 57 California State University San Marcos CA 77 California State University Stanislaus CA 77 California University of Pennsylvania PA 94 Calumet College of St. Joseph IN 33 Calvary Bible College and Theological Seminary MO 98 Calvin College MI 84 Cambridge College MA 64 Cameron University OK 100 Campbell University NC 60 Campbellsville University KY 69 Canisius College NY 78 Capella University MN - Capital University OH 69 Capitol College MD - Cardinal Stritch University WI 78 Caribbean University PR 57 Carlos Albizu University–Miami FL 72 Carlow University PA 91 Carroll College MT 72 Carroll University WI 71 Carson-Newman University TN 67 Carthage College WI 69 Castleton State College VT 78 Catawba College NC 42 Cazenovia College NY 92 Cedar Crest College PA 64 Cedarville University OH 72 Centenary College NJ 88 Centenary College of Louisiana LA 62 Central Christian College of Kansas KS 99 Central Christian College of the Bible MO 65 Central College IA 64 Central Connecticut State University CT 67 Central Methodist University MO 63 Central Michigan University MI 68 Central State University OH 48 Central Washington University WA 79 Chadron State College NE - Chaminade University of Honolulu HI 90 Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science CA 96 Charleston Southern University SC 56 Chatham University PA 55 Chestnut Hill College PA 96 Cheyney University of Pennsylvania PA 85 Chicago State University IL 30 Chowan University NC 60 Christian Brothers University TN 53 Cincinnati Christian University TN 60 City College of New York NY 41 City University of Seattle WA 100 Claflin University SC 60 Clark Atlanta University GA 58 Clarke University IA 63 Clarkson College NE 55 Clarkson University NY 66 Clayton State University GA 48 Clear Creek Baptist Bible College KY 88 Clearwater Christian College FL 70 Clemson University SC 47 Cleveland Institute of Art OH 54 Cleveland State University OH 88 Coastal Carolina University SC 61 Cogswell Polytechnical College CA 65 Coker College SC 56 Colby-Sawyer College NH 87 Coleman University CA 100 College at Brockport NY 53 College at Old Westbury NY 69 College of Biblical Studies–Houston TX 46 College of Idaho ID 76 College of Mount St. Joseph OH 73 College of Mount St. Vincent NY 91 College of New Rochelle NY 68 College of Saint Mary NE 56 College of Saint Mary Magdalen NH - College of St. Elizabeth NJ 65 College of St. Joseph VT 69 College of St. Rose NY 83 College of St. Scholastica MN 64 College of the Ozarks MO 16 Colorado Heights University CO - Colorado Mesa University CO 82 Colorado School of Mines CO 40 Colorado Technical University CO - Columbia College MO 52 Columbia College Chicago IL 92 Columbia College Hollywood CA 57 Columbia International University SC 36 Columbia Southern University AL 100 Columbia University, School of General Studies NY 35 Columbus College of Art and Design OH 79 Columbus State University OH 53 Concord University WV 90 Concordia College MN 65 Concordia College Alabama AL - Concordia College New York NY 78 Concordia University Ann Arbor MI 56 Concordia University Chicago IL 75 Concordia University Irvine CA 58 Concordia University Nebraska NE 75 Concordia University Portland OR 54 Concordia University St. Paul MN 55 Concordia University Texas TX 83 Concordia University Wisconsin WI 63 Converse College SC 60 Coppin State University MD 54 Cornerstone University MI 67 Covenant College GA 95 Creighton University NE 72 Crossroads College MN 90 Crown College MN 56 Culinary Institute of America NY 97 Culver-Stockton College MO 55 Cumberland University TN 46 Curry College MA 90 Curtis Institute of Music PA - Daemen College NY 49 Dakota State University SD 84 Dakota Wesleyan University SD 73 Dallas Baptist University TX 39 Dallas Christian College TX 23 Dalton State College GA 36 Daniel Webster College NH 62 Davenport University MI 82 Davis and Elkins College WV 75 Davis College NY 52 Defiance College OH 57 Delaware Valley College PA 66 Delta State University MS 92 DeSales University PA 74 Design Institute of San Diego CA 50 DeVry University–Colorado Springs CO - DeVry University–Westminster CO - Dickinson State University ND 99 Dillard University LA 48 Divine Word College IA - Dixie State College UT 100 Doane College NE 65 Dominican College NY 75 Dominican University IL 65 Dominican University of California CA 76 Dowling College NY 79 Drake University IA 69 Drury University MO 72 Duquesne University PA 72 D'Youville College NY 97 East Carolina University NC 79 East Tennessee State University TN 86 East Texas Baptist University TX 54 Eastern Connecticut State University CT 64 Eastern Illinois University IL 47 Eastern Kentucky University KY 71 Eastern Mennonite University VA 54 Eastern Michigan University MI 73 Eastern Nazarene College MA 68 Eastern New Mexico University NM 61 Eastern Oregon University OR 98 Eastern University PA 66 East-West University IL 89 Eckerd College FL 73 Edgewood College WI 72 Edinboro University of Pennsylvania PA 99 EDP University of Puerto Rico PR 84 Edward Waters College FL 23 Elizabethtown College PA 74 Elmhurst College IL 71 Elmira College NY 82 Elms College MA 80 Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University–Daytona Beach FL 71 Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University–Prescott AZ 76 Emerson College MA 46 Emmanuel College GA 73 Emmaus Bible College IA 58 Emory Henry College VA 73 Emporia State University KS 83 Endicott College MA 81 Erskine College SC 64 Eureka College IL 65 Everest University–Melbourne FL - Everest University–Pompano Beach FL 69 Everest University–Tampa FL 74 Everglades University–Orlando FL 84 Evergreen State College WA 96 Excelsior College NY - Fairmont State University WV 66 Farmingdale State College NY 59 Faulkner University AL 45 Fayetteville State University NC 68 Felician College NJ 79 Ferris State University MI 74 Ferrum College VA 73 Finlandia University MI 67 Fisk University TN 81 Fitchburg State University MA 80 Five Towns College NY 62 Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University FL 46 Florida Atlantic University FL 60 Florida Career College FL - Florida College FL 74 Florida Gulf Coast University FL 64 Florida Institute of Technology FL 64 Florida International University FL 51 Florida Memorial University FL 39 Florida Southern College FL 51 Fontbonne University MO 97 Framingham State University MA 71 Franciscan University of Steubenville OH 79 Franklin College IN 62 Franklin Pierce University NH 76 Franklin University OH 61 Freed-Hardeman University TN 93 Friends University KS 48 Frostburg State University MD 72 Full Sail University FL - Gallaudet University DC 66 Gannon University PA 80 Gardner-Webb University NC 53 Geneva College PA 69 George Fox University OR 78 Georgetown College KY 67 Georgia College and State University GA 79 Georgia Southern University GA 68 Georgia Southwestern State University GA 68 Georgian Court University NJ 69 Glenville State College WV 72 Global University MO - Globe Institute of Technology NY - Goddard College VT 56 Golden Gate University CA - Gordon College MA 89 Goshen College IN 65 Grace University NE 64 Graceland University IA 56 Grand Canyon University AZ - Granite State College NH 100 Grantham University KS - Green Mountain College VT 82 Greensboro College NC 41 Greenville College IL 66 Griggs University MI 91 Guilford College NC 68 Gustavus Adolphus College MN 94 Gwynedd-Mercy College PA 94 Hamilton Technical College IA - Hamline University MN 70 Hannibal-LaGrange University MO 56 Hanover College IN 57 Hardin-Simmons University TX 82 Harding University AR 72 Harrington College of Design IL 89 Harris-Stowe State University MO 40 Harrisburg University of Science and Technology PA - Hartwick College NY 89 Haskell Indian Nations University KS - Hastings College NE 71 Hawaii Pacific University HI 75 Hellenic College MA 65 Henderson State University AR 66 Hendrix College AR 80 Heritage Christian University AL 100 Heritage University WA - High Point University NC 81 Hilbert College NY 82 Hillsdale College MI 42 Hiram College OH 64 Hobe Sound Bible College FL 100 Hodges University FL 96 Hofstra University NY 64 Hollins University VA 48 Holy Apostles College and Seminary CT 100 Holy Cross College IN 91 Holy Family University PA 71 Holy Names University CA 53 Hood College MD 81 Hope College MI 84 Hope International University CA 28 Houghton College NY 75 Houston Baptist University TX 69 Howard Payne University TX 59 Howard University DC 49 Humboldt State University CA 58 Humphreys College CA - Hunter College NY 40 Huntington University IN 90 Husson University ME 80 Idaho State University ID 100 Illinois Institute of Technology IL 53 Illinois State University IL 89 Illinois Wesleyan University IL 61 Immaculata University PA 83 Independence University UT - Indiana Institute of Technology IN 70 Indiana State University IN 85 Indiana University Bloomington IN 76 Indiana University East IN 70 Indiana University Kokomo IN 70 Indiana University Northwest IN 75 Indiana University of Pennsylvania PA 91 Indiana University South Bend IN 78 Indiana University Southeast IN 83 Indiana University–Purdue University Fort Wayne IN 91 Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis IN 80 Inter American University of Puerto Rico–Aguadilla Campus PR 53 Inter American University of Puerto Rico–Arecibo Campus PR - Inter American University–Bayamon Campus PR 63 Inter American University of Puerto Rico–Fajardo Campus PR 88 Inter American University of Puerto Rico–San German Campus PR 69 International Academy of Design Technology IL 52 Iona College NY 92 Iowa State University IA 89 Iowa Wesleyan College IA 41 Jackson State University MS 72 Jacksonville State University AL 53 Jacksonville University FL 87 Jamestown College ND 65 Jefferson College of Health Sciences VA 36 John Brown University AR 76 John Carroll University OH 85 John Jay College of Criminal Justice NY 55 Johnson Wales University CO - Johnson Wales University FL 82 Johnson Wales University NC - Johnson Wales University RI 88 Johnson C. Smith University NC 38 Johnson State College VT 86 Johnson University TN 98 Johnson University Florida FL 93 Jones College FL - Jones International University CO - Judson College AL 63 Judson University IL 71 Kansas State University KS 95 Kansas Wesleyan University KS 54 Kean University NJ 82 Keene State College NH 83 Kendall College IL 84 Kennesaw State University GA 61 Kent State University OH 88 Kentucky Christian University KY 48 Kentucky Mountain Bible College KY 50 Kentucky State University KY 45 Kentucky Wesleyan College KY 67 Kettering University MI 70 Keuka College NY 94 Keystone College PA 92 King College TN 59 King's College PA 70 Kutztown University of Pennsylvania PA 74 Kuyper College MI 73 La Roche College PA 97 La Salle University PA 79 La Sierra University CA 49 LaGrange College GA 57 Laguna College of Art + Design CA 33 Lake Erie College OH 63 Lake Superior State University MI 90 Lakeland College WI 77 Lamar University TX 82 Lancaster Bible College PA 57 Lander University SC 42 Lane College TN 50 Langston University OK 61 Lasell College MA 82 Laurel University NC 26 Lawrence Technological University MI 60 Le Moyne College NY 64 Lebanon Valley College PA 72 Lees-McRae College NC 62 Lehman College (CUNY) NY 35 Lenoir-Rhyne University NC 74 Lesley University MA 69 LeTourneau University TX 73 Liberty University VA 39 Life Pacific College CA 100 Life University GA 92 LIM College NY 78 Limestone College SC 52 Lincoln Christian University IL 62 Lincoln Memorial University TN 62 Lincoln University MO 52 Lincoln University PA 80 Lindenwood University MO 74 Lindsey Wilson College KY 92 Lipscomb University TN 61 LIU Brooklyn NY 84 LIU Post NY 83 Livingstone College NC 72 Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania PA 89 Loras College IA 95 Louisiana State University LA 74 Louisiana State University Shreveport LA 81 Lourdes University OH 89 Loyola University Chicago IL 71 Loyola University New Orleans LA 69 Lubbock Christian University TX 94 Luther College IA 65 Luther Rice University GA 81 Lycoming College PA 64 Lyme Academy College of Fine Arts CT 41 Lynchburg College VA 75 Lyndon State College VT 93 Lynn University FL 85 Lyon College AR 64 Machzikei Hadath Rabbinical College NY - MacMurray College IL 57 Madonna University MI 74 Malone University OH 66 Manchester University IN 62 Manhattan Christian College KS 60 Manhattan College NY 67 Manhattanville College NY 82 Mansfield University of Pennsylvania PA 68 Maranatha Baptist Bible College WI 73 Marian University IN 59 Marian University WI 88 Marietta College OH 93 Marlboro College VT 97 Mars Hill University NC 61 Marshall University WV 90 Martin Methodist College TN - Martin University IN 96 Mary Baldwin College VA 95 Marygrove College MI 42 Marylhurst University OR 100 Marymount Manhattan College NY 79 Marymount University VA 92 Maryville College TN 67 Maryville University of Saint Louis MO 91 Marywood University PA 75 Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts MA 77 Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences MA 84 Massachusetts Maritime Academy MA 83 Mayville State University ND 57 McKendree University IL 63 McMurry University TX 43 McNeese State University LA 62 McPherson College KS 69 Medaille College NY 54 Medgar Evers College (CUNY) NY 100 Memphis College of Art TN 38 Menlo College CA 41 Mercer University GA 73 Mercy College NY 79 Mercyhurst University PA 75 Meredith College NC 69 Merrimack College MA 82 Mesivta Torah Vodaath Seminary NY - Messiah College PA 77 Methodist University NC 63 Metropolitan College of New York NY 91 Metropolitan State University of Denver CO 65 Michigan Jewish Institute MI - Michigan State University MI 72 Michigan Technological University MI 75 Mid-America Christian University OK - MidAmerica Nazarene University KS 66 Mid-Atlantic Christian University NC 53 Middle Tennessee State University TN 59 Midland University NE 88 Midstate College IL - Midway College KY - Midwestern State University TX 76 Miles College AL 26 Millersville University of Pennsylvania PA 80 Milligan College TN 67 Millikin University IL 65 Millsaps College MS 49 Milwaukee Institute of Art Design WI 53 Milwaukee School of Engineering WI 63 Minneapolis College of Art and Design MN 59 Minnesota School of Business–Blaine MN - Minnesota State University Mankato MN 61 Minot State University ND 57 Misericordia University PA 74 Mississippi College MS 82 Mississippi State University MS 73 Mississippi University for Women MS 96 Mississippi Valley State University MS 85 Missouri Baptist University MO 55 Missouri Southern State University MO 94 Missouri University of Science and Technology MO 84 Missouri Valley College MO 54 Missouri Western State University MO 74 Mitchell College CT 74 Molloy College NY 76 Monmouth College IL 67 Monroe College NY 45 Montana State University MT 83 Montana State University–Billings MT 100 Montana State University–Northern MT 64 Montana Tech of the University of Montana MT 92 Montclair State University NJ 71 Montserrat College of Art MA 79 Moody Bible Institute IL 89 Moore College of Art and Design PA 56 Moravian College PA 76 Morehead State University KY 80 Morningside College IA 56 Morris College SC 79 Morrison University NV - Mount Aloysius College PA 61 Mount Angel Seminary OR 100 Mount Carmel College of Nursing OH 63 Mount Ida College MA 63 Mount Marty College SD 67 Mount Mary University WI 56 Mount Mercy University IA 61 Mount Olive College NC 50 Mount St. Mary College NY 93 Mount St. Mary's University MD 64 Multnomah University OR 61 Murray State University KY 85 Muskingum University OH 74 Naropa University CO 100 National American University–Rapid City SD - National American University–Rio Rancho NM - National Louis University IL 86 National University CA 100 Nazarene Bible College CO 14 Nazareth College NY 63 Nebraska Methodist College NE 68 Nebraska Wesleyan University NE 74 Ner Israel Rabbinical College MD - Neumann University PA 96 Neumont University UT 84 New College of Florida FL 69 New England College NH 99 New England School of Communications ME 61 New Hope Christian College OR 22 New Jersey City University NJ 85 New Jersey Institute of Technology NJ 61 New Mexico Highlands University NM 100 New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology NM 22 New Mexico State University NM 64 New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary–Leavell College LA - New York City College of Technology NY 75 New York Institute of Technology NY 77 Newberry College SC 82 Newbury College MA 71 Newman University KS 64 NewSchool of Architecture Design CA 79 Niagara University NY 84 Nicholls State University LA 88 Nichols College MA 92 North Carolina AT State University NC 62 North Carolina Central University NC 83 North Carolina Wesleyan College NC 53 North Central College IL 55 North Dakota State University ND 92 North Greenville University SC 60 North Park University IL 52 Northeastern State University OK 90 Northeastern University MA 28 Northern Arizona University AZ 81 Northern Illinois University IL 53 Northern Kentucky University KY 90 Northern Michigan University MI 74 Northern State University SD 88 Northland College WI 61 Northwest Christian University OR 68 Northwest Missouri State University MO 75 Northwest Nazarene University ID 96 Northwest University WA 68 Northwestern College IA 72 Northwestern Oklahoma State University OK 94 Northwestern Polytechnic University CA 100 Northwestern State University Louisiana LA 62 Northwood University MI 69 Northwood University TX 72 Norwich University VT 66 Notre Dame College OH 52 Notre Dame de Namur University CA 80 Notre Dame of Maryland University MD 49 Nova Southeastern University FL 59 Nyack College NY 99 Oak Hills Christian College MN 56 Oakland University MI 85 Oakwood University AL 57 Oglethorpe University GA 78 Ohio Christian University OH 65 Ohio Dominican University OH 77 Ohio Mid-Western College OH - Ohio Northern University OH 66 Ohio State University OH 48 Ohio State University at Lima OH 99 Ohio State University at Mansfield OH 99 Ohio State University at Marion OH 99 Ohio State University at Newark OH 99 Ohio University OH 74 Ohio University Eastern OH - Ohio University Lancaster OH - Ohio University Southern OH 100 Ohio University Zanesville OH 90 Ohio Wesleyan University OH 71 Ohr Somayach/Joseph Tanenbaum Educational Center NY 60 Oklahoma Baptist University OK 65 Oklahoma Christian University OK 51 Oklahoma City University OK 72 Oklahoma Panhandle State University OK 100 Oklahoma State University OK 74 Oklahoma Wesleyan University OK 85 Old Dominion University VA 86 Olivet College MI 50 Olivet Nazarene University IL 66 O'More College of Design TN 31 Oregon College of Art Craft OR 58 Oregon Institute of Technology OR 61 Oregon State University OR 78 Otis College of Art and Design CA 46 Ottawa University KS 98 Otterbein University OH 75 Ouachita Baptist University AR 71 Our Lady of Holy Cross College LA - Our Lady of the Lake College LA 48 Pace University NY 82 Pacific Lutheran University WA 76 Pacific Northwest College of Art OR 95 Pacific States University CA - Pacific University OR 79 Paine College GA 25 Palm Beach Atlantic University FL 97 Park University MO 69 Patrick Henry College VA 95 Patten University CA - Paul Quinn College TX 99 Paul Smith's College NY 73 Penn State Abington PA 82 Penn State Altoona PA 92 Penn State Beaver PA 88 Penn State Berks PA 85 Penn State Brandywine PA 87 Penn State DuBois PA 85 Penn State Erie, The Behrend College PA 90 Penn State Fayette, The Eberly Campus PA 82 Penn State Greater Allegheny PA 82 Penn State Harrisburg PA 84 Penn State Hazleton PA 94 Penn State Lehigh Valley PA 86 Penn State Mont Alto PA 79 Penn State New Kensington PA 77 Penn State Schuylkill PA 76 Penn State Shenango PA 74 Penn State University Park PA 50 Penn State Worthington Scranton PA 78 Penn State York PA 83 Pennsylvania College of Art Design PA 50 Peru State College NE 49 Pfeiffer University NC 66 Philadelphia University PA 64 Piedmont College GA 60 Piedmont International University NC 49 Pine Manor College MA 51 Pittsburg State University KS 87 Platt College CO - Plymouth State University NH 79 Point Park University PA 65 Point University GA 35 Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico PR 83 Portland State University OR 92 Post University CT 63 Prescott College AZ 80 Presentation College SD 74 Principia College IL 91 Purchase College NY 44 Purdue University Calumet IN 92 Queens University of Charlotte NC 67 Quincy University IL 63 Quinnipiac University CT 74 Rabbinical College of America NJ 100 Rasmussen College–Lake Elmo/Woodbury MN - Regent University VA 81 Regis College MA 84 Regis University CO 60 Reinhardt University GA 90 Rhode Island College RI 74 Rider University NJ 67 Ringling College of Art and Design FL 64 Ripon College WI 65 Rivier University NH 68 Robert Morris University IL 83 Robert Morris University PA 83 Roberts Wesleyan College NY 70 Rochester College MI 80 Rockford University IL 47 Rockhurst University MO 73 Rocky Mountain College MT 64 Rocky Mountain College of Art Design CO 89 Roger Williams University RI 82 Rogers State University OK 83 Roosevelt University IL 72 Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology IN 61 Rosemont College PA 70 Rowan University NJ 59 Rust College MS - Sacred Heart University CT 59 Saginaw Valley State University MI 74 Saint Francis University PA 76 Saint Joseph Seminary College LA - Saint Leo University FL 70 Saint Louis University MO 64 Saint Martin's University WA 100 Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College IN 75 Saint Mary's College IN 82 Saint Mary's University of Minnesota MN 64 Saint Norbert College NY 65 Saint Peter's University NJ 70 Saint Vincent College PA 62 Saint Xavier University IL 83 Salem College NC 60 Salem State University MA 72 Salish Kootenai College MT 64 Sam Houston State University TX 75 Samford University AL 83 San Diego Christian College CA 52 San Francisco Art Institute CA 75 San Jose State University CA 55 Santa Fe University of Art and Design NM 100 Savannah College of Art and Design GA 71 Schiller International University FL - School of the Art Institute of Chicago IL 59 School of the Museum of Fine Arts MA 83 School of Visual Arts NY 74 Schreiner University TX 91 Seattle University WA 74 Seton Hall University NJ 79 Seton Hill University PA 74 Shasta Bible College CA 83 Shaw University NC 53 Shawnee State University OH 70 Shenandoah University VA 83 Shepherd University WV 89 Shimer College IL 84 Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania PA 84 Shorter University GA 61 Siena Heights University MI 74 Sierra Nevada College NV 69 Silver Lake College of the Holy Family WI 55 Simpson College IA 83 Simpson University CA 52 Sinte Gleska University SD - Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania PA 72 Sojourner-Douglass College MD - Sonoma State University CA 82 South Carolina State University SC 78 South Dakota School of Mines and Technology SD 85 South Dakota State University SD 91 Southeast Missouri State University MO 85 Southeastern Baptist College MS - Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary NC 76 Southeastern Louisiana University LA 88 Southeastern Oklahoma State University OK 72 Southern Adventist University TN 95 Southern California Institute of Architecture CA 73 Southern California Seminary CA 45 Southern Connecticut State University CT 64 Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 76 Southern Illinois University Edwardsville IL 90 Southern Methodist University TX 49 Southern Nazarene University OK 33 Southern New Hampshire University NH 93 Southern Oregon University OR 78 Southern Polytechnic State University GA 79 Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College LA 57 Southern Utah University UT 76 Southern Vermont College VT 91 Southern Wesleyan University SC 94 Southwest Baptist University MO 74 Southwest University of Visual Arts AZ - Southwestern Assemblies of God University TX 97 Southwestern Christian University OK - Southwestern College KS 97 Southwestern Oklahoma State University OK 91 Southwestern University TX 44 Spalding University KY 52 Spring Arbor University MI 69 Spring Hill College AL 46 Springfield College MA 64 St. Ambrose University IA 61 St. Andrews University NC 88 St. Augustine College IL - St. Augustine's University NC 58 St. Bonaventure University NY 71 St. Catherine University MN 70 St. Charles Borromeo Seminary, Overbrook PA 100 St. Cloud State University MN 85 St. Edward's University TX 74 St. Gregory's University OK 61 St. John Vianney College Seminary FL 100 St. John's College MD 55 St. John's College NM 63 St. John's University NY 68 St. Joseph's College IN 66 St. Joseph's College–Brooklyn Campus NY 68 St. Joseph's College–Long Island Campus NY 71 St. Joseph's College of Maine ME 88 St. Louis Christian College MO 31 St. Mary's University TX 80 St. Norbert College WI 79 St. Thomas Aquinas College NY 79 State University of New York at Fredonia NY 65 State University of New York at New Paltz NY 44 State University of New York at Oswego NY 54 State University of New York College at Cortland NY 48 State University of New York College at Oneonta NY 60 State University of New York College at Potsdam NY 67 State University of New York College of Agriculture and Technology at Cobleskill NY 94 State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry NY 52 State University of New York Institute of Technology NY 62 State University of New York Plattsburgh NY 53 Stephen F. Austin State University TX 65 Stephens College MO 54 Sterling College KS 41 Stetson University FL 68 Stevens-Henager College UT - Stevenson University MD 61 Stillman College AL 44 Stratford University–Woodbridge VA - Suffolk University MA 83 Sul Ross State University TX 80 Sullivan University KY 79 SUM Bible College Theological Seminary CA 59 Sweet Briar College VA 93 Tabor College KS 52 Talladega College AL 15 Talmudic University FL 80 Talmudical Institute of Upstate New York NY 100 Talmudical Seminary Oholei Torah NY 100 Taylor University IN 87 Temple University PA 57 Tennessee State University TN 53 Tennessee Temple University TN - Tennessee Wesleyan College TN 58 Texas AM University TX 70 Texas AM University–Corpus Christi TX 86 Texas AM University–Galveston TX 50 Texas AM University–Kingsville TX 84 Texas College TX 32 Texas State University TX 73 Texas Wesleyan University TX 41 Texas Woman's University TX 86 The Citadel SC 81 The College of New Jersey NJ 48 The King's College NY 41 Thiel College PA 62 Thomas Aquinas College CA 72 Thomas College ME 81 Thomas Edison State College NJ - Thomas Jefferson University PA - Thomas More College KY 89 Thomas More College of Liberal Arts NH 100 Thomas University GA - Tiffin University OH 93 Toccoa Falls College GA 59 Tougaloo College MS 40 Touro College NY 34 Towson University MD 78 Trevecca Nazarene University TN 70 Trident University International CA - Trinity Baptist College FL 51 Trinity Bible College ND - Trinity Christian College IL 88 Trinity College of Florida FL 92 Trinity International University IL 63 Troy University AL 90 Truman State University MO 68 Tusculum College TN 89 Union College KY 67 Union College NE 60 Union Institute University OH - Union University TN 60 United States Air Force Academy CO 15 United States Coast Guard Academy CT 15 United States Merchant Marine Academy NY 22 United States Naval Academy MD 9 Unity College ME 89 Universidad del Turabo PR 52 University at Albany (SUNY) NY 54 University at Buffalo NY 57 University of Advancing Technology AZ - University of Alabama AL 53 University of Alabama at Birmingham AL 92 University of Alabama in Huntsville AL 76 University of Alaska Anchorage AK 100 University of Alaska Fairbanks AK 77 University of Alaska Southeast AK - University of Arizona AZ 84 University of Arkansas AR 66 University of Arkansas at Fort Smith AR 56 University of Arkansas at Little Rock AR 59 University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff AR 46 University of Baltimore MD 60 University of Bridgeport CT 50 University of California Riverside CA 84 University of Central Arkansas AR 81 University of Central Florida FL 65 University of Central Missouri MO 79 University of Central Oklahoma OK 70 University of Charleston WV 52 University of Cincinnati OH 86 University of Colorado Colorado Springs CO 93 University of Colorado Denver CO 65 University of Dallas TX 47 University of Detroit Mercy MI 78 University of Dubuque IA 74 University of Evansville IN 70 University of Findlay OH 75 University of Great Falls MT 76 University of Hartford CT 81 University of Hawaii–West Oahu HI 70 University of Houston TX 61 University of Houston–Victoria TX 56 University of Idaho ID 72 University of Illinois at Chicago IL 77 University of Illinois at Springfield IL 52 University of Indianapolis IN 86 University of Iowa IA 81 University of Kansas KS 93 University of Kentucky KY 96 University of La Verne CA 47 University of Louisiana at Lafayette LA 55 University of Louisiana at Monroe LA 72 University of Louisville KY 73 University of Maine ME 91 University of Maine at Farmington ME 83 University of Maine at Fort Kent ME 97 University of Maine at Machias ME 91 University of Maine at Presque Isle ME 95 University of Mary ND 96 University of Mary Hardin-Baylor TX 79 University of Maryland Baltimore County MD 60 University of Maryland University College MD 100 University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 58 University of Massachusetts Boston MA 75 University of Massachusetts Dartmouth MA 84 University of Memphis TN 85 University of Michigan MI 27 University of Michigan–Dearborn MI 64 University of Michigan–Flint MI 65 University of Minnesota, Crookston MN 78 University of Minnesota, Duluth MN 76 University of Minnesota, Morris MN 64 University of Minnesota, Twin Cities MN 50 University of Mississippi MS 84 University of Missouri–Columbia MO 78 University of Missouri–Kansas City MO 62 University of Missouri–St. Louis MO 76 University of Mobile AL 62 University of Montana MT 93 University of Montana Western MT 70 University of Mount Union OH 81 University of Nebraska–Kearney NE 82 University of Nebraska–Lincoln NE 64 University of Nebraska–Omaha NE 71 University of Nevada, Las Vegas NV 81 University of Nevada, Reno NV 88 University of New England ME 81 University of New Hampshire NH 77 University of New Hampshire at Manchester NH 73 University of New Haven CT 88 University of New Mexico NM 49 University of North Alabama AL 70 University of North Carolina at Asheville NC 81 University of North Carolina at Charlotte NC 66 University of North Carolina at Greensboro NC 78 University of North Carolina at Pembroke NC 81 University of North Florida FL 59 University of North Georgia GA 64 University of North Texas TX 72 University of Northern Colorado CO 89 University of Northwestern St. Paul MN 70 University of Oklahoma OK 69 University of Pennsylvania PA 10 University of Phoenix AZ - University of Pikeville KY 100 University of Pittsburgh PA 60 University of Pittsburgh at Bradford PA 49 University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg PA 73 University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown PA 88 University of Portland OR 62 University of Puerto Rico at Aguadilla PR 89 University of Puerto Rico at Cayey PR 78 University of Puerto Rico at Utuado PR 45 University of Redlands CA 68 University of Rio Grande OH 73 University of Saint Joseph CT 91 University of San Francisco CA 66 University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma OK 66 University of Scranton PA 76 University of Sioux Falls SD 92 University of South Alabama AL 81 University of South Carolina Aiken SC 53 University of South Carolina Beaufort SC 63 University of South Carolina Upstate SC 56 University of South Dakota SD 87 University of South Florida FL 47 University of Southern Maine ME 80 University of Southern Mississippi MS 99 University of St. Francis IL 52 University of St. Francis IN 99 University of St. Mary KS 49 University of St. Thomas MN 84 University of Tampa FL 53 University of Tennessee TN 77 University of Tennessee at Martin TN 62 University of Texas–Pan American TX 69 University of Texas at Arlington TX 61 University of Texas at Dallas TX 76 University of Texas at San Antonio TX 80 University of Texas of the Permian Basin TX 82 University of the Arts PA 74 University of the District of Columbia DC - University of the Incarnate Word TX 94 University of the Pacific CA 65 University of the Potomac DC 96 University of the Sciences PA 58 University of the Southwest NM 66 University of the Virgin Islands VI 98 University of Toledo OH 95 University of Tulsa OK 39 University of Utah UT 66 University of Washington Bothell WA 80 University of Washington Tacoma WA 84 University of West Alabama AL 28 University of West Florida FL 59 University of West Georgia GA 57 University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire WI 86 University of Wisconsin–Green Bay WI 93 University of Wisconsin–La Crosse WI 83 University of Wisconsin–Madison WI 54 University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee WI 72 University of Wisconsin–Parkside WI 80 University of Wisconsin–River Falls WI 75 University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point WI 81 University of Wisconsin–Stout WI 86 University of Wisconsin–Superior WI 72 University of Wisconsin–Whitewater WI 83 University of Wyoming WY 97 Upper Iowa University IA 56 Urbana University OH 65 Ursuline College OH 93 Utah State University UT 89 Utica College NY 84 Valdosta State University GA 74 Valley City State University ND 99 Valley Forge Christian College PA 53 Valparaiso University IN 84 Vanguard University of Southern California CA 48 Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology NY 90 Vermont Technical College VT 63 Virginia Military Institute VA 53 Virginia State University VA 95 Virginia Union University VA 49 Virginia University of Lynchburg VA - Virginia Wesleyan College VA 71 Viterbo University WI 63 Voorhees College SC 50 Wabash College IN 63 Wake Forest University NC 28 Waldorf College IA 72 Walla Walla University WA 86 Walsh University OH 78 Warner Pacific College OR 63 Warner University FL 58 Warren Wilson College NC 84 Wartburg College IA 77 Washburn University KS 99 Washington Adventist University MD - Washington College MD 48 Washington State University WA 74 Watkins College of Art, Design and Film TN 94 Wayland Baptist University TX 99 Wayne State College NE 100 Wayne State University MI 67 Waynesburg University PA 95 Weber State University UT 100 Webster University MO 47 Welch College TN 69 Wentworth Institute of Technology MA 92 Wesley College DE 63 Wesleyan College GA 38 West Chester University of Pennsylvania PA 69 West Texas AM University TX 62 West Virginia State University WV 98 West Virginia University WV 72 West Virginia University Institute of Technology WV 53 West Virginia Wesleyan College WV 72 Western Connecticut State University CT 71 Western Illinois University IL 60 Western International University AZ - Western Kentucky University KY 96 Western Michigan University MI 82 Western New England University MA 81 Western New Mexico University NM 100 Western Oregon University OR 81 Western State Colorado University CO 86 Westfield State University MA 85 Westminster College MO 90 Westminster College PA 73 Westminster College UT 93 Wheeling Jesuit University WV 93 Wheelock College MA 95 Whittier College CA 74 Whitworth University WA 89 Wichita State University KS 97 Widener University PA 65 Wilberforce University OH 38 Wiley College TX 40 Wilkes University PA 75 Willamette University OR 89 William Carey University MS 93 William Jessup University CA 76 William Jewell College MO 48 William Paterson University NJ 92 William Peace University NC 60 William Penn University IA 56 William Woods University MO 75 Williams Baptist College AR 61 Wilmington College OH - Wilmington University DE 99 Wilson College PA 53 Wingate University NC 70 Winona State University MN 67 Winthrop University SC 73 Wisconsin Lutheran College WI 90 Wittenberg University OH 73 Woodbury University CA 62 Wright State University OH 97 Xavier University OH 73 Xavier University of Louisiana LA 64 Yeshiva Ohr Elchonon Chabad/West Coast Talmudical Seminary CA 100 York College NE 61 York College NY 65 York College of Pennsylvania PA 69 Youngstown State University OH 65 If you're interested in applying to any of these schools, make sure to set a deadline for yourself and stick to it! Also be sure to check the school's website to see if there are any deadlines applied to scholarship or financial aid applications. If, however, these schools aren't on your college list, they could be a good fallback option should your other schools not work out. Treat schools with rolling admissions as if they have a fall or winter deadline, but keep in mind there are some that will accept late applications if you need to send one off last minute. When Should You Apply Under Rolling Admission? Because rolling admissions is done on a first come, first served basis, it's a good idea to get your application in as early as you can.Not only will submitting early ensure available space, but it will also demonstrate your enthusiasm for the school to the admissions committee. If you're really hoping to get in (which presumably you are for any school on your college list), then you should apply at least within the first half of the application window. Submitting by January should be a safe bet, but earlier in the fall could be even better if you're ready. Besides the motivation of finding out early and expressing your excitement about the school, you might also apply early in the window of time to meet a priority deadline.Eastern Michigan, for example, has a financial aid priority deadline of January 15 for incoming freshmen, though you can apply any time for admission up until July 1 for the fall semester. So much for rolling admission not having a deadline. If you really want to get in and your school has a priority deadline, you should take all necessary steps to meet it. Even if there's no priority deadline, you should set onefor yourself. Otherwise, it could be all too easy to keep putting it off. Not only could applying late in your senior year hurt your chances of admission, but you could also end up forgetting to complete certain key requirements. There are a few pieces of your application that take at least a few months of prepping and planning. The main ones are your SAT/ACT scores, recommendation letters, and personal essay(s). Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. When Should You Start Preparing Your Application? Don't be fooled by the lack of a deadline! There are still plenty of pieces to your application that require months of planning and preparation. The ones that especially call for forethought are your SAT/ACT, recommendation letters, and personal essay. If your school has a priority deadline in November, then your last chance to take the ACT or SAT would be in September or October of your senior year. Ideally, you'd have your test scores all set by the end of your junior year. This means you could take the test in the fall of junior year and again in the spring or summer before senior year, or even start as early as sophomore year for extra opportunities to test. While your school might have rolling admission, you'll still be prepping your application in your junior or even sophomore year. Another piece of your application that can't be left last minute is your letters of recommendation. Try to ask your teachers and counselor at least a month before you apply. You might also ask at the end of your junior year. Besides making the request, you also want to spend some time filling out a detailed "brag sheet" and reflecting on what would go into your ideal reccomendation letter. Finally, you could work on your personal essay over the summer. Just taking the time to mull over topics for a few weeks is a key part of the writing process. Even if it doesn't feel as if you're getting anywhere, your subconscious is turning over some good ideas! After, you'll want to spend time drafting, revising, and getting feedback from others. Some students end up changing their topics, so you want to have time to switch tracks in case you're struck with new inspiration. The application itself also takes time, as well as requesting documents from your school, such asyour official transcript. Setting a deadline for yourself will help you plan out each step and stay accountable. Remember, the sooner you apply, the sooner you'll get an admissions decision! What's Next? Learn more about college deadlines with our guides. This articlegoes more in-depth aboutthe different options for admission, includingrolling admission, regular decision, early action, and early decision. If you're interested in early admissions, check out these guides. Here are all the schools that offer early action and their deadlines, and all thecolleges with early decision and their deadlines. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: