Is Globalization Ultimately Positive or Negative, or Somewhere in Essay

Is Globalization Ultimately Positive or Negative, or Somewhere in Between - Essay Example While the procedure has prompted gigantic progressions and investigated incredible prospects, it has likewise affected adversely on numerous countries that look to create and succeed in isolation(Friedman). The appearance of the web and different types of electronic media has made this change much increasingly quick. This paper will examine the great and the awful of globalization and dissect the general effect it has on the life of people. The Good:- An interconnected world prompts more prominent chances and the revelation of better approaches to improve expectations for everyday comforts. Globalization has prompted the meeting up of the financially progressed and amazing countries with the creating states. This meeting up has prompted financial, political and social trades that have sped up advancement of these less evolved nations. Through change of innovation as infrastructural inputs, speculation hardware, monetary help, social and social trades and the travel industry, numerous nations have had the option to break out of the shell of self limitation and catalyze their development(Weinstein). Globalization has prompted the development of organizations across fringes, making work, producing financial development and encouraging flourishing. It has likewise prompted the change of thoughts and people across fringes bringing about a more prominent measure of scholarly exchange(Friedman). The travel industry has profited by the marvel too. Besides, organizations are permitted to look for new markets and no economy is disengaged or disconnected when it faces extreme challenges because of the working of worldwide establishments that demonstration mindfully towards individuals from the global network, for example, the UN, IMF and World Bank. Besides, the cooperation of societies, religions, ranks and statements of faith has encouraged a decline in racial separation and a more extensive comprehension of individuals from various areas. Individuals have better access to instruction because of state administered tests, improving instruction techniques and new wellsprings of instruction through casual, on the web and formal trainings(Allen and Thomas) The Bad:- The interconnectedness of economies frequently admission well for the ground-breaking and lead to compounding for the less special. As indicated by western contentions, Globalization brings about expanded disparity among rich and poor countries though counter contentions from the south express that globalization gives great chances to their countries(Weinstein). It will be reasonable for examine what are the cons that prove contentions that globalization is terrible for the worldwide network. Many created nations are home to business mammoths that have tasks over the world. The most inescapable display of this circumstance is the working of Multinational partnerships. MNCs frequently have the greater part of their income stream and benefits amassed in the nation of beginning or proprietors hip be that as it may, the vast majority of their creation is redistributed to less created nations. The principle rationale behind this is to separate modest work and make individuals work under risky and ecologically undermining conditions; frequently at underneath the lowest pay permitted by law. The poor law implementation circumstances in less created nations lead to thefts and infringement of the lowest pay permitted by law acts. There are likewise instances of extraordinary abuse and oppression. The most

Project Estimating Techniques Essay Example for Free

Task Estimating Techniques Essay One of the most significant components to the achievement of a venture is the manner by which well the task is assessed, just as how in general expenses are overseen during the execution stage by the undertaking chief. Task expenses and gauges are fundamental to the achievement of any association to stay serious in the market. Cost assessing for associations depend intensely on assets that can here and there be hard to get. Guaging and using chronicled return costs are only two or three different ways that associations depend on assessing. Experienced organizers are regularly a looked for exchange inside the market; this paper will talk about some frequently utilized undertaking cost evaluating methods. Sorts of Estimating The principal kind of evaluating is comparable to. This kind of evaluating uses gauges from a past task that is comparable, and utilizes them to construct gauges for the new venture. While this kind of evaluating is advantageous to the arranging procedure, alert must be utilized to guarantee that appraisals extended from the past venture are reasonable and sensible. Parametric estimation takes chronicled information inputs, makes determined suppositions dependent on advertise and measurable information, and afterward details the gauge. This kind of assessing is valuable as it uses recorded information, combined with factual information; be that as it may, suppositions made by the organizer can be slanted and lead to erroneous gauges as I would see it. The following kind of evaluating is base up. Base up evaluating uses data from singular gauges through the Work Break Down structure. This kind of assessing is one of the most well-known sorts of evaluating in light of the fact that it utilizes gauges from the floor undertakings. These floor errands are evaluated by topic specialists with long stretches of understanding, and can be valuable to guaranteeing that the gauge is exact, yet the extent of the undertaking is right. Another kind of assessing is three-point evaluating. Three-point evaluating investigates the best, most exceedingly awful, and most practical situation to cost assessing the task. These three choices clearly accompany aâ premium on cost, time, or quality. Subject to what the task objective is will more than likely figure out what course to take in this procedure. From my work involvement in venture arranging, cost evaluating can be a troublesome assignment. Most associations have a technique or procedure in how to quote. Some use agendas, while others may standard working systems as a major aspect of an authoritative strategy. Notwithstanding what devices are accessible to a venture group during the expense assessing process, knowing the general objectives and destinations of the undertaking are keys to evaluating a fruitful task. The weight of cost assessing isn't typically the duty of one individual; it frequently exists in the undertaking group. Numerous estimators from different aptitudes are a piece of the procedure, and a wide range of assessing as talked about before are a piece of the procedure. Devices that my association uses are offered detail survey gatherings that go over the material, work, and rates that apply to the work being led during the venture. What's more, a free government gauge (IGE) is used to guarantee that evaluations are rounded out altogether, and checked on against the contractor’s gauges upon receipt. There are numerous different procedures that can be utilized; in any case, these are the most normally one’s utilized inside government evaluating. End Cost evaluating is a significant piece of the undertaking arranging process as it frequently directs the length of the task, and how much work can be cultivated during the venture against the spending given for the task. Evaluations of time and cost together permit the supervisor to build up a period staged spending plan, which is basic for venture control (Larson Gray, 2014, p. 131). While there are a wide range of ways that assessments are made, there is no certain fire path in expressing that one is better than the other. While some may feel that authentic information is an increasingly precise way, there isn't telling that the gauge and return costs from a past undertaking were reasonable and sensible. On the off chance that the past undertaking cost was overestimated, at that point the present task would keep on being overestimated; in this way not ending up being a money saving advantage to the association. Cost evaluating drives the task plan, and associations need to guarantee they use all the apparatuses and assets they have accessible to them to make theâ project a triumph. Reference Larson, E. W., Gray, C. F. (2014). Undertaking Management: The Managerial Process (sixth ed.). McGraw-Hill.

International Business Law Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Worldwide Business Law Policy - Essay Example UCITA would systematize the view that conventional programming disseminations are licenses, not deals. Area 102(43), (44) of the UCITA (1999 Official Text) perceived mass advertised parallel programming exchanges as licenses.2 UCC Article 2 covers just agreements available to be purchased of products, so PC programming isn't explicitly secured by Article 2. PC programming is diverse thinking about that it is so handily duplicated, accordingly it needs unique security. It is one of a couple of business endeavors that totally rely upon a solitary customary copyrighted work, for example, a book, melodic account, film, or painting.3 Licensing in this manner turns out to be significant. Authorizing empowers the engineer to control programming dissemination, to value programming to mirror its incentive to the client, and to guarantee that clients are liable to designer's impediment of obligation arrangements. Be that as it may, there is an authoritative hole that has constrained courts to apply the UCC to permit exchange, which it was never intended to address. Consequently, the UCITA. The cover of wording among deal and permit has created turmoil inside the courts and has prompted some acknowledgment of a permit as a deal in certain wards. The courts have utilized a few strategies to set up that an offer of programming is the offer of a decent inside the significance of the UCC Article 2. The most straightforward technique for building up programming as a deal is the point at which the gatherings concur in their preparation that Article 2 applies to the permitting of their product. Court would accordingly just need to take a gander at the agreement to perceive what rules would apply. For different courts, the examination is more inside and out. In Architectronics, Inc v. Control Systems, the court applied UCC Article 2 to a product advancement exchange for a permit of the product. The court held that the appropriateness of Article 2 isn't vanquished by utilization of permit in lieu of deals if permit accommodates move of some of episodes of merchandise proprietors hip. In Microsoft Corp. v. DAK Industries, the court looked to the financial real factors of the specific game plan. Upon this investigation, the court found that DAK reserved an option to sell the product and along these lines the game plan was like an acquisition of merchandise consequently showing that it was a deal, not a permit to use.4 Question 4. A considerable lot of the arrangements in the UCITA were first proposed as a change to Article 2 of the UCC. For what reason do you think the drafters chose to propose it as a different and unmistakable uniform act To be compelling, an arrangement must be endorsed both by the NCCUSL and the ALI. Since the last draft of Article 2B as proposed was dismissed by the American Law Institute or ALI, the necessary endorsement of the two bodies was therefore inadequate. As an outcome, the NCCUSL renamed it as the now UCITA.5 PART II Question 1. Is the International Court of Justice the principal world court No. The ICJ started work in 1946 as the replacement to the Permanent Court of International Justice, the main world court.6 Question 2. What are the techniques of the World Court Are they like any US court No, the technique of the World Court

Mule Killers Essay Example for Free

Donkey Killers Essay â€Å"Mule Killers†, 2004 by Lydia Peele is the holding story of affection and the challenges around it. It manages issues, for example, parenthood, companionship and marriage, including the contentions encompassing these. Lydia Peele presents the tale of a dad telling his child, who is the storyteller, a tale from his initial life. The tale is a troubled romantic tale of the narrator’s father’s love life, and the relationship to the narrator’s granddad. In a story with its underlying foundations in country America, an a lot further story shows up. This is an account of adoration, trust and the choices of life. It is the tale of the battles and troubles that are a piece of life. The story, set in the wide open of the USA, presents a gathering of intriguing characters with solid characters, that each have their method of taking part to the story. It is particularly the dad and the granddad that have extraordinary hugeness to the Lydia Peele’s short story. The granddad is introduced as a man who fears relinquishing his typical environmental factors and propensities. This is seen on line 77-78, page 4. The granddad tells the dad: †You’re going to see a future I can’t even stretch my psyche around. No of it. I can’t even start to imagine†. The way that he has such troubles envisioning the future, focuses towards the end that he would prefer to embrace the here and now. He would prefer to carry on with his good old life and not stress over what's to come. The grandfather’s perspective appears to be antiquated and by and large moderate. At the point when his child clarifies how he inadvertently impregnated a young lady, without having any expectations of wedding her, the conservatism radiates through. The granddad answers on line 86-87, page 4â€Å"This is wrong†¦You got no decision yet to deal with it. This is wrong†. The two distinct universes of child and father conflict, and the genuine contrasts are appeared. Despite the fact that father and child view the world with various perspectives, the child despite everything has monstrous regard for his dad. His dad is really his good example, which is likewise appeared all through the content: â€Å"My father has his father’s stature, and he conveys it apologetically†(line 7, page 2). The word â€Å"apolegitacally† focuses towards the way that the child knows about the predominance that his dad has. The child experiences issues satisfying his dad and his lifestyle. He needs to have his father’s capacity to tell no feeling and the best way to be â€Å"a genuine man†. He conceals the sentiments that resilient men customarily don't feel: He is making a decent attempt to keep certain things inside his chest: things like dread, bitterness, and uncertainty†. (line 7-9, page2). This could almost certainly be an ordinary pattern of the time and condition that the story happens in. The last principle character in the tale is the storyteller, who is the child to the youngster with affection issues in the short story. The child is a first individual storyteller, so the perspective is constrained to him. His principle work is to recount to the story. A genuine introduction of his character is excluded. As expressed before, the setting has extraordinary significance for the characters of the principle characters in the story. The setting is in Nashville, not long before industrialization modernized the cultivating existence with tractors. The dad in the story conveys average qualities of a rancher committed to old standards, for example, no ill-conceived youngsters. A potential clarification of this could be that the province of Tennessee is situated in the Bible belt, which is known as a profoundly strict territory. There are likewise different components of the setting that point out the strict convictions that the two primary characters have: â€Å"At church she generally sits with the equivalent girl† (line 14), page 2. The utilization of the verb modifier â€Å"always† demonstrates that the child and father go to chapel all the time. While perusing â€Å"Mule Killers† a few evident topics leap out on the page. The fundamental topic found in the short story is the generational contrast among father and child. As expressed before, the dad attempts to clutch his old standards and principals, while the child has confidence in a cutting edge lifestyle. The thing that matters is outlined when the child chooses not to wed the young lady whom he impregnated. The dad views this as unfeeling and untrustworthy. The perspectives on the child appear to identify with the cutting edge universe of today. It turns out to be increasingly more standard to have an infant outside of marriage without the goals of helping the mother sustain the youngster. A particular model is seen in MTV’s â€Å"Teenage Mom† TV program where a few high school young ladies conceive an offspring. The program additionally shows the manner in which the dad normally will in general leave the mother after birth. On the off chance that this had occurred in the time where the â€Å"Mule Killers† happens or preceding it, it would have had significant ramifications for the dad of the kid. One can subsequently reason that the occasions continually change and a few people will consistently be â€Å"caught† before, which for this situation is the dad. This could likewise be a potential message of the story. The message could be that standards change from the beginning of time, yet not all individuals follow the change. Despite this, it is as yet essential to regard the individuals who make some hard memories managing what's to come. Lydia Peele figures out how to take the peruser on an excursion of affection and the connection between the narrator’s father and granddad. She additionally shows the peruser the various standards and convictions that the two ages have, and the conflicts than can ascend to the surface because of this. She additionally presents the cliché strict working class rancher as of now. This is finished by utilizing a little rancher town situated in the Bible belt as a setting. The short story is a contacting and brain bobbling story depicting the connection between two arrangements of father and child. It tells the story of the connection between the narrator’s father and granddad. The connection between the narrator’s father and granddad is introduced as a relationship based on a general regard for the old. The narrator’s father regards the granddad since he tunes in to what he says, and complies with the guidelines that the granddad maintains. It is likewise the story of how the setting, which is the rancher network in the US during the industrialization, has a significant significance for the result of the story. The profoundly strict setting is spoken to in the Narrator’s grandfather’s perspective with respect to labor. All things considered the short story shows the challenges encompassing affection and how to manage it in a reasonable issue.

Economic Change and Nationalism in Meiji Japan

Economic Change and Nationalism in Meiji Japan Throughout the Meiji era, the Japanese administration battled two battles, both over regulation of zones in and around Korea. Japan attained an apparent triumph in the Sino-Japanese Battle against China and brawled Russia to a cessation of hostilities in the Russo-Japanese Conflict. Although both conflicts shaped a patriotic vehemence that was significant in the establishment of a state distinctiveness all through the Meiji period, the outward success in the concluding also stimulated a particular intellect. The intelligence claimed that Japan had attained, after numerous years of development through which the administration required sacrifice and provision to the countrywide foundation.Many fictional mechanisms from the period succeeding the Russo-Japanese Fighting thus embrace replications on the contemporary state of civilization and on what had been extended or lost all through the prior years. The habitation of a person in the fluctuating society stayed a vital subject and the v iewpoints from which authors inspected the issue expanded. The writings of Soseki brings a clear difference between the economic change and nationalism during the Meiji period. This paper highlights the economic and nationalism subjects that arose in Japan during the Meiji era. While addressing economic and nationalism issues, the article also puts into consideration Marx and Engel’s Communist Manifesto. Natsume Soseki’s writings are significant, in part, because of her political activism. She wrote a lot about the game between generations in the nation of Japan. She specifically wrote in a way that demonstrated the difference between those born before the Meiji Reestablishment, and those born after it. This is important because the Meiji reestablishment made significance changes to the way the nation was governed, and perhaps more significantly change some of Japans largest cities. Overall, she seems to conclude that under a strict governmental reign the creativity of the people dwindled, and the cities’ ability to modernize was squelched. The Communist Manifesto replicates an effort to elucidate the objectives of Collectivism, on top of the theory essential to this association. It maintains that class skirmishes, or the manipulation of one social class by a different one, are the encouraging power behind all ancient progress. An individual’s level of interaction depends on his/ her current situation (Sparknotes paragraph 2). Nonetheless, ultimately these affiliations stop to be like-minded with the evolving forces of creation. A revolution transpires, and a recent class develops as the presiding one. This development characterizes the mark of antiquity as compelled by bigger economic powers. The Manifesto contends that this progress is unavoidable and that entrepreneurship is characteristically unsteady. The Communalists expect to stimulate this insurgency and will encourage the celebrations and relatives that are moving antiquity in the route of its usual assumption. One major subject that comes from Marx is t hat Communism is by now recognized by all European supremacies to be itself an authority (Marx and Engels 14). This manifesto argues that the exclusion of societal courses cannot take place through improvements or alterations in administration. Reasonably, an insurgency will be essential. In Soseki’s novel, when Sanshiro approaches Tokyo he is determined on be subjected to the contemporary and lively life and expanding the academic prospects that the capital has to offer. The good life and academic opportunities were a depiction of the city’s transformation regarding urbanization and industrialization. These prospects resemble the economic transformation that Japan was to experience. For Sanshiro, the lifestyle in the town signifies two important things; the magnificence of Academia† (Soseki 2002, 30) and the â€Å"actual life†, entailing of the stimulating environment of the town and the capital’s contemporary women, vital facets for the complexity and evolution connected to the economic development in the city (Soseki 2002, 63-64). The concrete motive behind Sanshiro’s coming to Tokyo was to acquire an exclusive training. Tokyo is not merely the political and economic life of Japan, but, as a capital, is also the â€Å"bench of cosmopolitanism,† which utilizes its â€Å"knowledgeable prevalence over its surroundings.† Economic development and nationalism are seen throughout Sanshiro’s experience. It is only after he discovered himself that he was in a position to experience the goodness of the city. It is only through nationalism that he was able to enjoy the city’s urbanization and growth. It is not wrong to travel the old established routes behind the others as long as one attains his objectives and has a piece of mind. Sanshiro, however, found his freedom, a clear depiction of the city. In the progression of the story, he turned out to be more and more cognizant that he has to let go of various inevitabilities of his infancy and that his modern lifestyle in the capital, will not constantly be enjoyable, but will somewhat call for some unpleasant negotiations. The Communist Manifesto claims that that the exclusion of societal courses cannot take place through improvements or alterations in administration, a clear indication that nationalism and economic progress go hand in hand.

How to Handle College Acceptance Decision Day

You’ve stressed. You’ve worked hard. You’ve nervously clicked â€Å"submit.† You’ve waited. And waited. And waited some more. Finally, decision day is here! What do you do now?! Plan where you’ll be when decisions become available You’ll want to be in a safe, comfortable place where you’ll feel supported no matter what the decision may be. You can scream or cry in excitement or sadness without anyone there to judge you. At the very least, you probably won’t want to be sitting in a class where you’re not allowed to use a computer. You’ll be dying to check the entire time. Reschedule anything you have to do that you can’t be distracted for Try to reschedule any important tests or presentations on that day. You’ll likely be distracted the entire time thinking about that acceptance or rejection letter. When your mind is somewhere else, it’s hard to do well. Take the test when you can devote all of your mental energy to it. If it’s possible, it might even be nice to take the whole day of school off. If you’re not really there, then don’t go. Try to calm down This will definitely be one of the more stressful days in your life. You’ll likely be jittery and have a hard time keeping still. Do whatever it takes for you to relax. Drink some decaffeinated tea. Work out. Do some yoga. Take deep breaths. Squeeze a stress ball. Take a hot bath or shower. Smell some lavender. Cuddle with your pet. Watch a funny TV show or movie. If you are calm, you will likely be less upset if the decision is not the one you wanted. Reward yourself (whether you get in or not) Whether you want to go out to dinner with friends, see a movie with family, or eat too much ice cream while watching Netflix, give yourself a reward after you’ve found out the decision. You deserve it after all of that hard work! If you’re celebrating, great! If not, at least you’re doing something that will make you happy and take your mind off of the bad news. P.S. Wondering how to handle college acceptance season gracefully? Click here.

Testing Is The Bane Of The United State s Educational System

Standardized testing is the bane of the United State’s educational system. It causes fear and stress in students and can cause confusion and teaching problems for teachers.It bankrups schools fires teachers and ruins kid lives.A standardized test is any form of test that (1) requires all test takers to answer the same questions, or a selection of questions from common bank of questions, in the same way, and that (2) is scored in a â€Å"standard† or consistent manner, which makes it possible to compare the relative performance of individual (Standardized Test Definition) To understand why over testing is harmful to students you must know the consequences of standardized testing. First you must know about the history of the standardized education movement and what is did to society.The losses of learning time,The losses of love and creativity of learning,The creation of a sterile/changes environment of a school day,week,or even month, and the physical and emotional eff ect on student and teachers. To truly understand the effect of standardized testing one must know its history.It all started with the clintion administration who plan for the begening was to standerdize testing and creat a national standers for teaching .One of the biggest problems was its bypassing of curriulum and standards.Another big problem was the large scale argument of Sentor Lynne VS Senator Cheney about the not yet established history standards(Ravitch). An argument that started over what the newShow MoreRelatedTesting Is The Bane Of The United State s Educational System2418 Words   |  10 Pages Standardized testing is the bane of the United State’s educational system. It causes fear and stress in students and can cause confusion and teaching problems fpr teachers.It bankrups schools fires teachers and ruins kid lives.A standardized test is any form of test that (1) requires all test takers to answer the same questions, or a selection of questions from common bank of questions, in the same way, and that (2) is scored in a â€Å"standard† or consistent manner, which makes it possible to compareRead MoreThe Cold Truth ~ Cassidy Pena2043 Words   |  9 Pageswas the most dangerous boasting battle in the history of the world, and it created many problems that even today have yet to be solved. It was a 44-year war between two of the world’s superpowers: the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America. At one point during the war, nuclear weapons were mass-produced by both sides, mainly for the bragging rights of having more weapons than their opponents (this was called the â€Å"Nuclear Arms Race†). (Trueman) Americans were outraged whenRead MoreSummary Of Funds Of Knowledge And Teaching Other Peoples Children3644 Words   |  15 Pagescompulsory schooling that is provided in Australian society (Connell, et al., 1986). There is a lack of social mobility through education, especially in capitalist economies, this can be attri buted to Government policy and how it tends to increase educational inequality rather than reduce it. Private and government schooling in Australia look and sound differently from one another. The setting I will research is a public school but it has elements that are described by Connell, et al. (1986) as belongingRead MoreFamily Resource Management: An Anthology of Articles3988 Words   |  16 Pages2013, Vermont Judiciary). However, none of these rights are absolute and the law allows considerable discretion in defining parental rights on a case-by-case basis depending on the needs and age of the child. Variation in Parenting Solutions Wise, S. Da Silva, L. (2007). Differential parenting of children from diverse cultural backgrounds attending child care Australian Institute of Family Studies, 36. Retrieved: http://www.aifs.gov.au/institute/pubs/rp39/rp39.html The right way to parentRead MoreMergers Acquisitions in Pharma Industry21425 Words   |  86 Pages7 Pharmaceutical Products (Progress in 2009) 6.3.8 Available products in India 6.4 Marketing strategy of GlaxoSmithKline Chapter Summary References Chapter Seven – Discussion amp; Analysis 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Merger-Boom or Bane 7.3 Analysis//Summary 7.3.1 Rationale 7.3.2 Schemes of arrangement 7.3.3 Results of the implementation of Merger 7.3.4 Foreign exchange earnings and outgo of GlaxoSmithKline Conclusion Bibliography Appendices Annexure A-QuestionnaireRead MoreSpatial Distribution of the Primary Health Care Facilities in Enugu State, Nigeria13204 Words   |  53 PagesSPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA (A GIS Approach  ) By Adewara Monsur Babalola thawben@gmail.com,monsurbabalola@yahoo.com Abstract The analytical capability of GIS has been explored in this work in an attempt to enhance the distribution of primary health care services in Enugu State Southeast Nigeria. With due consideration to the importance of health to the overall well being of every nation, the need for effective planning and management of theRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Read MoreThe Government and Not-For-Profit Environment100975 Words   |  404 Pages TRUE/FALSE (CHAPTER 1) 1. F The main objective of a typical governmental or not-for-profit entity is to earn a profit. 2. TA government’s budget may be backed by the force of law. 3. FGovernmental entities have no need for an accounting system. 4. TA government’s internal managers rely on general purpose financial statements for a considerable amount of information about their government. 5. FGovernments and not-for-profits may never engage in business-type activities. 6. TLendersRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmanaging, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the

The Economic, Political, and Social Effects of the Black...

Imagine one half of the world s population by wiped out in a space of less than a ten years. You probably cannot imagine such an event occurring; it seems unreal. Yet, this very thing happened in the between the years 1347 and 1351 in Europe. This massive destruction of human life was known as the Black Death. This Black Death was an ecological disaster on a global scale. The effects of the plague on human and certain animal populations from East Asia to as far west as Greenland were catastrophic. All facets of society, from peasant to king were affected; no one was safe. All of society was affected; nothing would ever be the same. Thus, there were many economic, social, and political effects of the Black Death. Before one can understand†¦show more content†¦Towns, being crowded and infested by rats, were more susceptible to the plague than rural areas. Thus, people abandoned many towns for the safety of the countryside. This heavily stunted trade, as now towns were abandoned, and there was no central location for people to meet and trade. Furthermore, there were many social effects as well. Middle Age culture became a culture of death and decay. Life became cheap. The stench of death became unavoidable when entering towns and cities. Everywhere there were the dead and the dying. Bodies were literally piled up outside in wheelbarrows, waiting to be dumped. The dead were not treated with respect or dignity. Fear was so great of infection that bodies were simply piled up and dumped in mass graves. People, ignorant of what was causing this terrible catastrophe, blamed those on the margins of society. Others questioned the Church. Why would God inflict such suffering? The Church had no answers, so people began to question it more and more. Some took matters into their own hands. Groups of people, known as flagellants began to go through towns and cities, wiping themselves to appease God. They believed that if they caused enough pain to themselves, then perhaps God would ease their suffering. In addition, the new devaluing of life and questioning of the Church, the fabric that held society together society was ripped. The plague affected everyone from kings to peasants. Soldiers whoShow MoreRelatedLooking Back at the Middle Ages1485 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant political, social, religious and economic events, which have shaped history since that time, and the world today. One such event that has affected the politics of the Middle Ages and now was the signing of the Magna Carta. Secondly, was the Black Death (also known as the Bubonic Plague that affected the religious, social, and economic aspects. An event that affected the religious and economic aspects were the Crusades. There was also the rise of the Ottoman Empire which affected the social, politicalRead MoreThe Deadly Black Death Plague Of Europe1054 Words   |  5 Pages Background Information  The deadly Black Death plague of Europe arrived in 1346 A.D. , during the middle ages from the Middle East as commonly thought and was also known by other names such as â€Å"the pestilence .â€Å" The infectious deadly bacteria moved rapidly within Europe accounting for approximately 50% of mortality while disseminating northward along major trade routes of ships, lasting until the early 1350’s (Ross, 2015). The plague presented before traditional existenceRead MoreThe Black Death Of Europe1265 Words   |  6 Pagesmany symptoms such as fever, black swellings, and much more. It wasn’t long until others in the surrounding area started catching the same symptoms and began to fall sick as well. This point marked the arrival of the Black Death in Europe. The Black Death quickly and uncontrollably started to travel its way through Europe and had a great impact on Europe. It’s undeniable that the Black Death created many upheavals in Europe, but it also led to a few positive effects as well. The outbreak of theRead MoreThe Black Death : A Disastrous Mortal Disease And Spread Across Europe1373 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death, so named by later historians, was a disastrous mortal disease and spread across Europe in the years 1347~1352(Hunt 416). The Black Death, now known as plague, is caused by the bacterium, Yersinia pestis. When humans are bitten by a rodent flea, humans usually get the plaque (Plague Homepage | CDC). Nowadays, the plague can be treated by antibiotics easily. However, in the middle of the 14th century, no one knew what caused the disease, and how the disease was transmitted to othersRead MoreCauses And Effects Of The Black Death775 Words   |  4 PagesThe Black Death was the most dangerous and contagio us widespread disease in history. The Black Death lasted from 1347 to 1351 spreading across Europe killing millions. This is classified as the longest disease that still hasnt had a proper cure for. The disease originated in China and spread across trade routes by interaction and communication. Rodents and Fleas caused the disease by a simple bite to a human even animals causing them to have numerous symptoms which led to death. The Black Death hadRead MoreThe Primary Goals Of The South1623 Words   |  7 Pagesmemoirs, Sophia B Packard, Co-founder of Spelman College, an all-girl historically black college, described the deplorable conditions of black women in the south, stating that many of them were â€Å"impoverished, landless and illiterate.† With these conditions the options for black women during the time were slim to none, they could stay at home and raise their children or enter domestic servitude. At this same time black men were the topic of much deliberation about how best to advance themselves andRead MoreThe And Its Effects On American Politics1667 Words   |  7 Pagestheir revolutionary rights starting from the judges, culture, and the constitution. The support structures enabled the recognition of the people’s rights i.e. access to resources. People struggled to demand protection and their involvement in other social groups. It increased their visibility hence they were able to get the education, employment and racism ended completely. Role of the Supreme Court It has been possibleRead MoreThe Effects Of Slavery On American South And Its Entire Population Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pages Between 1800 and 1865, slaves lived in the Southern States and worked in the tobacco, wheat, rice, corn and cotton plantations. Essentially, slavery was an economic institution with far-reaching benefits to slaveholders, since the value of slave labor was considerably more than the cost of their maintenance. Demands for democratization, respect for human dignity and American Civil War presented a major turning point in the institution of slavery as farmers turned to lesser labor-intensive productionRead MoreThe Plague Of Europe And Asia1165 Words   |  5 Pagesmany reasons . It was a time of Panic, disease, political instability, and a decline in the power of the church . Although each of these problems are somewhat unrelated, they all stem from the same source, the Bubonic Plague. The bubonic plague started in Asia, and spread its way into parts of No rthern Africa and Europe devastating everything in its path. Not only did the Black Death effect the people of Europe and Asia, it effected their economic, social, and religious lives as well . During the earlyRead MoreImpact Of The Civil Rights Movement1624 Words   |  7 PagesIn the 1960s, the United States was on the verge of a major social change. Racism was at the core of the civil rights movement, and its effects that led to systematic discrimination experienced by blacks in work, housing and the education system. Black Americans are Americans, but they had subsisted as second class citizens in the only land they knew. The civil rights movement was a political, legal, and social struggle so that African Americans in the United States could become full citizens. This

Phaedra as an Example of Enlightenment Values - 802 Words

Phaedra, originally part of the large body of Greek mythological works, has been adapted, modified and presented in new contexts in recent centuries. For example, following the original conception of this tragedy by Euripides, versions of it have appeared in Latin, Italian, French, Spanish, etc through the authorship of such great writers as Frencesco Bozza, Jean Racine, Miguel de Unamuno, etc. Eugene O’Neill’s incorporation of it as a subplot in his ‘Desire Under the Elms’ testify to the everlasting appeal of the story. This enduring appeal makes relevant its study in relation to enlightenment values. It is especially relevant to read Phaedra’s life and events in the backdrop of values espoused by the Enlightenment. The Age of†¦show more content†¦(Disch, 1989) In sum, it is fair to say that the tragedy of Phaedra could have been avoided had she applied more balance and propriety to her decisions. In the heat of passionate feelings, her mind was muddled and in no state to let reason thrive. In this sense, the play can be seen as a testimony to the validity of Enlightenment values and corresponding individual virtues. The most striking aspect of Phaedra’s behavior is her disdain for rationality and judiciousness. In a way, such behavior is sub-human, for it is humans who can exercise their will and apply restraint in their actions. By showing that she was not capable of either, Phaedra had caused her own demise and that of the innocent Hippolytus making her twice guilty. The application of Enlightenment values at crucial moments in the play would have led to a different final outcome. Works Cited †¢ Berlin, Normand. The Secret Cause: A Discussion of Tragedy. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts, 1981. †¢ Chong-Gossard, J. H. Kim On. The Silence of the Virgins: Comparing Euripides Hippolytus and Theonoe. Antichthon 38 (2004): 10+. †¢ Disch, Thomas M. Phaedra Britannica. The Nation 23 Jan. 1989:Show MoreRelatedPhaedra and Enlightenment768 Words   |  4 PagesPhaedra and Enlightenment values The Enlightenment period was began shortly after the Edict of Nantes in 1685 and lasted through the 18th century. This was an â€Å"intellectual movement† and the writers of this period disapproved of religion and politics ruled by absolutism. â€Å" The movement would question almost every aspect of social and political life in Europe†(Hunt, 522). The writers and scholars that had enlightened views were those who believed that all people are able to apply reason orRead MoreCompare Candide and Tartuffe5528 Words   |  23 Pagescenturies. The Neo-Classic time period contributed in the expansion of peoples view of life.   The Enlightenment period writers focused on reason, knowledge, and rationality as major themes. In this era the  Catholic Church  was still an extremely powerful institution operating throughout much of Europe; however reason was beginning to emerge as an alternative to faith and religion. As a result, Enlightenment writers began to look at the world critically and rationally. Much of the important literature

Theory of Knowledge Essay - 1329 Words

Knowledge can be gained and interpreted in many different ways. It all depends on how people prioritize different ways of knowing and how they perceive what knowledge is. This has led to the question, Does knowledge consist solely of proven facts and information that can be organized in a coherent manner, or is knowledge deeper, depending not only on facts, but also on interpretation stemming from individual experiences? The question is, are facts alone enough to constitute knowledge or do those facts need to be interpreted under guidance of personal experiences in order to gain knowledge. In two areas of knowledge that have a large role in my life, natural science and religion, I can see both sides to the argument. There are many times that I agree with the statement that â€Å"knowledge is nothing more than the systematic organization of facts.† Facts are, as Eugenie Carol Scott states in her book Evolution vs. Creationism, â€Å"confirmed observations† that can be disproven upon further study (Scott 12). When facts are systematically organized, meaning they are put in a certain order for a specific reason, in a way that allows each piece of information to support the previous information, a coherent synthesis of knowledge is able to be gained. In the natural sciences, this organization of facts is almost entirely logic based. Scientists have to examine what they know and draw conclusions by piecing together facts that make sense. Scientists cannot change the knowledge they have dueShow MoreRelatedEssay on Theory Of Knowledge1523 Words   |  7 PagesTheory Of Knowledge In today’s society, science is regarded as being the most trusted form of knowledge, leading to many claiming it to be the supreme form of knowledge. To investigate whether or not this is justified we must compare science to other forms/areas of knowledge and consider what they each contribute. The strongest argument science has to claim this title, is the objectivity and empirical nature of its method and in particular its verifying processes;Read MoreThe Theory Of Knowledge Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesTheory of knowledge essay To what extent do the concepts we use shape the conclusions that we reach? Since my childhood I have always been told ‘Education is the key to success!’ and there is absolutely no other way to achieving beyond more than just survival in this fast-paced but deeply cruel and competitive world. That was a concept endlessly hammered into my head by society, it however never appealed to me simply because of the fact that I found it a concept, something which according to theRead MoreTheory of Knowledge Essay637 Words   |  3 Pages To what extent might lack of knowledge be an excuse for unethical conduct? Theory of Knowledge Essay Word Count: Candidate # There are certain â€Å"Areas of Knowledge (AoK)† type of knowledge questions within the subject of ethics that could be considered quite debatable rather than easily being verified with a concluding idea within a short amount of time. Knowledge questions such as â€Å"To what extent might lack of knowledge be an excuse for unethical conduct?† for the AoK topicRead MoreTheory Of Knowledge Essay 20141593 Words   |  7 Pages„That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded tomorrow.â€Å" Consider knowledge issues raised by this statement in two areas of knowledge. To what Extent is new knowledge better than old knowledge and therefore can knowledge be permanent? To answer this question, one first has to consider that knowledge as such varies on the point of perspective, since there are many ways of knowing. As for example Reasoning and Sense Perception. Reasoning is something we use whenever we tend toRead MorePlatos Theory of Knowledge Essay918 Words   |  4 PagesPlatos Theory of Knowledge Platos Theory of Knowledge is very interesting. He expresses this theory with three approaches: his allegory of The Cave, his metaphor of the Divided Line and his doctrine The Forms. Each theory is interconnected; one could not be without the other. Here we will explore how one relates to the other. In The Cave, Plato describes a vision of shackled prisoners seated in a dark cave facing the wall. Chained also by their necks, the prisoners can onlyRead MoreJohn Lockes Theory of Knowledge Essay1563 Words   |  7 Pages(1632-1704) was the first of the classical British empiricists. (Empiricists believed that all knowledge derives from experience. These philosophers were hostile to rationalistic metaphysics, particularly to its unbridled use of speculation, its grandiose claims, and its epistemology grounded in innate ideas) If Locke could account of all human knowledge without making reference to innate ideas, then his theory would be simpler, hence better, than that of Descartes. He wrote, â€Å"Let us then suppose theRead MoreEssay on Platos Theory of Knowledge2731 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"If the truth of all things always existed in the soul, then the soul is immortal† (The Philosophical Journey 89). This states that since the soul has all knowledge integra ted, one recollects this knowledge through situations in an individual’s life and use one’s reasoning. With the dialogues of the Meno and Phaedo, Plato discusses the ideas of recollection and immortality of the soul in general. As well, the Republic, through the three different situations shown, Plato shows the ideas of the formsRead MoreJohn Lockes Theory of Knowledge Essay1878 Words   |  8 Pagestruly conscious of the phenomenalistic consequences of their theory of knowledge, which was based on empiricism. Both considered sensation as phenomenal presentations and also as representations of reality. Thus they still had something upon which to build an absolute metaphysics. With Locke gnosiological phenomenalism enters its critical phase. By considering sensations merely as subjective presentations, Locke gives us a theory of knowledge of subjective data devoid of any relation with external objectsRead More Kants Theory of Knowledge and Solipsism Essay3198 Words   |  13 PagesKants Theory of Knowledge and Solipsism In his Critique of Pure Reason Kant set out to establish a theory of human understanding. His approach was to synthesise the opposing views of empiricism and rationalism. He took the empirical principle that all our knowledge begins with experience [p.1] as a foundation of his philosophy, following Locke and Hume. In contrast to them, however, he also included the rationalist view that posits the existence of an apparatus of human understanding thatRead MoreEssay on David Humes Theory of Knowledge858 Words   |  4 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Knowledge is gained only through experience, and experiences only exist in the mind as individual units of thought. This theory of knowledge belonged to David Hume, a Scottish philosopher. Hume was born on April 26, 1711, as his family’s second son. His father died when he was an infant and left his mother to care for him, his older brother, and his sister. David Hume passed through ordinary classes with great success, and found an ea rly love for literature. He lived

Columbia College free essay sample

Dance is life; dance is a form of expression and emotion. I dance not just for the fun it but because it gives me life and it all takes the hurt away. Dance should make one feel spontaneous and free. I chose to apply at Columbia College for many reasons; I’m just an ordinary girl from Detroit Michigan who has a dream, a big dream to have a wonderful experience at Columbia College. Columbia College caught my attention because being surrounded by people who are as passionate about dance as I am is what I’ve dreamt of. Although dance is not considered a real major to my mom, I know I have to do what makes me happy and to me dance is everything. Columbia College has life and I would love to be a part of it. The first thing I would love to do is become a part of the dance family. We will write a custom essay sample on Columbia College or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I want to learn the history of dance at Columbia and whatever there is possible to teach me. I’ve been waiting for this opportunity my whole life and I’m eagered to become a student of Columbia College not just because I love dance and but because I want to show you all that I can do it. I’m determined to be the best an all I need is your word.

Scientific Management and Globalisation

Question: Discuss about theScientific Management and Globalisation. Answer: Ford and Taylorism The video compares between two factories and their method of manufacturing automobile. The Vulcan Motor Company Limited in the United Kingdom manufactured cars in the unscientific process which took weeks. The cars were very costly and could be only be afforded by the rich (Vulcanmotors.boschauto.co.uk 2017). Henry Ford, the founder of the Ford Motor Company in the United States of America introduced the scientific management process proposed by the American mechanical engineer, Fredrick Winslow Taylor. Ford used scientific method of manufacturing cars by using conveyer belt where the parts passed down from one worker to the next. This scientific management of manufacturing automobiles made production cheaper which resulted in production of cheaper cars affordable by many. The process converted cars from a status symbol of the rich to the prized assets of many Americans. Ford in order to ensure uninterrupted production and retention provided good salary to his staff. It can be that F ord introduced the strategic management of the human resource, machinery and material to bring down cost of production. He did not allow intervention of trade unions in order to ensure dynamism in production. This system of automobile manufacturing spread to entire America and later to big European markets like Germany. Henry Ford brought about innovation and modernisation in manufacturing which came to be known as Fordism (Ford.com 2017). The workers in Australia, Europe and America would accept Taylorism today. Fordism refers to the scientific management of people, resources and machinery to achieve economies of scale. There are several small companies in these three continents which work in the small acale industry. These firms can apply Taylorsim and management their production process in a scientific way. The companies who are seeking to bring about innovation in their products can also use Taylorism to sustain the market (Mortenson, Doherty and Robinson 2015). The callers in the call centres use scripts of questions which are designed keeping the consumers needs in consideration. These callers use the script to speak to the customers using telephone or internet connections are supervised by their seniors. Hence, the call centres use Taylorism to manage their production team in a scientific way to ensure generation of revenue. The video shows the happenings in the Ford Motor Company dating centuries ago which seem to have become out of date. The statement can hold true for the multinational companies like Ford Motor Company and Unilever who have their own dynamic business models. However, there are small firms which manufacture FMCG goods and exist in the fear of being engulfed by big players like Unilever. These firms can use Fordism and bring about innovation in their production process. They can also manage their workforces and promotion scientifically to reduce their cost of production and increase their revenue. These small companies can adopt Taylorism to sustain in the market and prevent the multinational companies from engulfing them (Sorge and Streeck 2016). Thomas Friedman on Globalisation; 3 Eras of Globalisation; World is Flat The first oration by Thomas Fried deals with the three ages of globalisation. The first era was the era of global arbitrage that reduced the size of the huge earth to medium. The second era of globalisation coincided with expansion of European powers like England and Spain into new lands. The empowerment of individuals to communicate and transact with whole world using advanced technology has reduced the size of the world even smaller. The orator in the next video spoke about his friend discovering and releasing eco friendly Peruvian dishes in China. He also laid stress on the importance of awareness among individuals regarding the resources and their usage (Friedman 2014). The flat world of today is dominated by individuals who interact with the whole world by the virtue of advanced technology poses risk. The key drawback of this empowerment is that it has exposed people to huge resources which they can use to satisfy their own needs. The key risk is that today radical groups like terrorists have huge power to cause massive damage to the economies. The risk is that these groups have the power to damage property worth billions and even threaten the existence of the multinational companies (Khajenoori, Parnian and Jafari 2014). The iron rule of Friedman states that the business world and education today is exploring new entrepreneurial ventures and innovation. The companies today can bring about new innovations and improvements in their strategies. There is a great scope of entrepreneurial ventures and start-ups in todays world due to availability of resources (Baylis, Smith and Owens 2013). The level of globalisation is not uniform all across the world and there are different levels of economical and technological developments. The nations like the United States of America, the United Kingdom and Germany are advanced countries. These are home to big multinational companies like Unilever and Ford Motor Company. The markets like India, China, Brazil are emerging markets which also have their own multinational companies. These two markets have several business tie-ups and enter into bilateral trade agreements. There exists steady flow of money, employment, investments, goods and services between these two markets. There are many countries like the poor countries of Aftica, Asia and South America which are technologically and economically weak. These countries are very poor and have lack of entrepreneurial ventures. Their markets are not profitable and fail to attract big companies. Hence, it can be opined that the level of globalisation is not uniform and differ between co untries. Conclusion: The videos and the question discuss two topics, Taylorism and Globalisation. The video on Taylorism tells tale of the production process in the British and American company. The video shows that innovation and management can bring development in any industry. The questions then prove that Taylorsim may be historical incidence is still very pertinent in the small industries round the world. The second video educates the readers on the ages and stages of globalisation. It shows how the advancement associated with globalisation made the world a smaller place. The video also throws light on the dangers that globalisation has brought with itself. Friedman in his oration also stressed on the need of responsibility and awareness among individuals to derive benefit from globalisation. References: Baylis, J., Smith, S. and Owens, P., 2013.The globalization of world politics: an introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press. Easterly, W. and Levine, R., 2016. The European origins of economic development.Journal of Economic Growth,21(3), pp.225-257. Ford.com. 2017. Ford New Cars, Trucks, SUVs, Crossovers Hybrids | Vehicles Built Just for You | Ford.com. [online] Available at: https://www.ford.com [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017]. Friedman, J., 2014. Global System, Globalization and the Parameters of Modernity: Is Modernity a Cultural System?.Occasional Paper, (14), pp.5-30. Khajenoori, B., Parnian, L. and Jafari, M., 2014. A Study of the Relationship between Cultural Globalization with Individualism and Collectivism (Research Subject: Shiraz City).Development,49, pp.31-35. Mortenson, M.J., Doherty, N.F. and Robinson, S., 2015. Operational research from Taylorism to Terabytes: A research agenda for the analytics age.European Journal of Operational Research,241(3), pp.583-595. Sorge, A. and Streeck, W., 2016.Diversified quality production revisited the transformation of production systems and regulatory regimes in Germany(No. 16/13). MPIfG Discussion Paper. Vulcanmotors.boschauto.co.uk. 2017. WELCOME - Vulcan Motors. [online] Available at: https://vulcanmotors.boschauto.co.uk/ [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017].

Name Essays (791 words) - Gun Politics In The United States

Name Professor Course Date Annotated Bibliography; what are the effects of the "open carry" law in Texas MADIGAN, TIM. "Open-Carry Law a Dilemma for Texas Merchants." Fort Worth Business Press, vol. 28, no. 8, 29 Feb. 2016, p. 16. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bwhAN=113559094site=ehost-live. Tim's article appearing in the Washington post looks into the impact of the enacted law in Texas that permits open carrying of firearms unless they are in establishments that disallow it by means of posting such prohibition on their premises. Tim notes that concealed carrying of a weapon had been legalized since 1996. However, since the recent passing of the law permitting open carrying, Tim observes that businesses are coming face to face with the impacts of the controversial gun law. As such, the business' owners are having to decide if they will allow open carrying within the precincts of their establishments, or not. With occasional pressure from clients, the businesses are opting to disallow open carrying within their businesses. Such businesses include restaurants and supermarkets. Tim raises concern about the law especially for failing to define exact places where open carrying should not be permitted at all. For instance, he observes, the mental hospitals are not exem pted from the open firearm carrying. Moreover, open carrying is permitted in the public colleges and other public institutions and only the private establishments to disallow it. Tim demonstrates the kind of confusion that has emerged amongst the public owing to the divisive law. Patrik Jonsson Staff, writer. "Texas' Big New Gun Law: Is the State a Model for Modern Open Carry ?. " Christian Science Monitor, 31 Dec. 2015. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=aphAN=112032141site=ehost-live. While not explicitly in favor of the Texas' gun law that now allows for open carrying, Jonsson feels that the law could actually be a model for the rest of America. Texas has about 800,000 people licensed to own guns. He observes that the law is not necessarily a lax one as portrayed noting that it is uniquely strict and presents a regulation model. He further notes that Americans, even though they have had a considerable obsesses ion with guns, they are also increasingly warming up to the idea of gun ownership especially in the face of increasing mass shootings. According to Jonsson , the law does require the open carrying gun owners to be licensed. Furthermore, prior to licensing, the gun owners have to show competency in regard to safety as well as passing shooting tests. Moreover, they must be 21 years and above and also have had no psychological problems prior to gun ownership. These views are indicative of the polarizing nature of the gun-law debate in the Texas and the rest of the USA. Story Hinckley, Staff. "University of Texas Approves Campus Carry: How the State Forced Its Hand." Christian Science Monitor, 17 Feb. 2016. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=aphAN=113062886site=ehost-live Institutions of higher learning are amongst the areas that have been greatly impacted by the law. On the same issue of the firearm carrying law, Hinckley notes that it has negative ramifications for universities as they are not exempted. The University of Texas and other public campuses are left with no option but to approve the "campus carry" requirements. He observes that this law will take effect regardless of the protests by the universities' stakeholders including students and university staff who felt that it was inappropriate to allow firearms in the colleges. Quite worrying is the prospect of having guns in the classroom and other university buildings where weapons have traditionally been disallowed. He observes that the private universities, under the law, are the only ones who have been given the discretion to apply the law or not to. To demonstrate the general opinion of stakeholders in the higher education sector, the writer notes that the majority of private le arning institutions have opted to disallow guns in their institutions. As such, if allowed to, most public c olleges will certainly want to be gun-free. Works Cited Patrik Jonsson Staff, writer. "Texas' Big New Gun Law: Is the State a Model for Modern Open Carry ?. " Christian Science Monitor, 31 Dec. 2015. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=aphAN=112032141site=ehost-live. MADIGAN, TIM. "Open-Carry Law a Dilemma for Texas Merchants." Fort Worth Business Press, vol. 28, no. 8,

Essay Tips For Students Looking For a Summer Job Application

Essay Tips For Students Looking For a Summer Job ApplicationWriting a sample essay for a summer job application can be a daunting task if you have never done this before. It is imperative that you avoid the following pitfalls so that you will be able to write a great sample.Avoid general topic and provide information. You need to show your qualifications and skills but you do not want to deliver it in a form of a general topic. Your subject should be specific. Otherwise, you might end up writing an essay that can be rejected by the employer.Do not use old essay samples. Many employers use old versions of sample essays for new graduates as their source of writing samples. The best time to rewrite is not when you first start school. You should rewrite it after a couple of months of internship. This way, your written work can already get into shape and it will not be embarrassing or at all shocking to your new employer.Use your own experiences instead of reading an old essay. If you are going to use your own experiences as your primary source, remember that you should avoid talking about yourself too much. Avoid using facts that are personal as these will not be very convincing.Correct factual errors in your paper. If you make mistakes while writing, correct it immediately. Failure to do so will make your paper appear old and outdated. You should also edit some of your other information if it is lacking.Choose the right topic. Determine the topic in advance. If you know that your paper will deal with sports, you should write about sports. Avoid topics that are based on jobs such as finance, sales, or politics. Be sure to have some specific information that relates to your topic.Avoid giving advice and thoughts on topics that you know nothing about. Keep it simple and focus on just facts and important events and reasons. If you give an opinion on these subjects, make sure that it is neutral and non-advice oriented.Summer's opportunity is right for anyone who is rea lly interested in studying abroad. These tips will help you avoid the pitfalls that you would face during the essay writing process.

Free Essays on St. Augustines Belifs

St Augustine had similar beliefs as Plato. For example â€Å"In the beginning was the word and the word was with God and the word was God: the same was the beginning with God; all things were made by Him and without him was made nothing that was made; in Him was life and the life was the light of men, and the light shines in darkness and the darkness did not comprehend it.†(p.116/IX) What he is saying here is expressed in a metamorphic way. The light is God and, the truth, all his teachings and everything that he had created. It projected itself on the darkness which is the humans, everyday people. Augustine states that â€Å"one must believe in order to understand.† He states that god must give one faith. This gift from God which is grace, determines if one believes or not. To understand one must have faith in God. When they have faith in God they will then be able to open their minds and begin to understand his teachings. â€Å"Again I found in them that the word, G od was born not of flesh nor blood, nor of the evil of man nor of the will of the flesh, but of God, but I did not find that the word became flesh.†(p116/IX) What he is saying here was that the word came not from these places but from God himself and it will not become flesh until it is loved and believed. Until we believe we will not understand. Once we believe an understanding will begin to bloom. He says we should hid these teachings from the wise and share them with the young. Meek and humble of hearts shall absorb his teachings and learn to forgive sins and love one another and find peace. While those who wear high boots shall not learn his ways and will remain ignorant to his teachings and carry a foolish heart. We must have faith in order to understand God and reach a state of grace. There are some things in the world that we might think as evil. They might be stormy winds, tornadoes, or flash floods. We see them as evil because they do not fit in with our ways of l... Free Essays on St. Augustine's Belifs Free Essays on St. Augustine's Belifs St Augustine had similar beliefs as Plato. For example â€Å"In the beginning was the word and the word was with God and the word was God: the same was the beginning with God; all things were made by Him and without him was made nothing that was made; in Him was life and the life was the light of men, and the light shines in darkness and the darkness did not comprehend it.†(p.116/IX) What he is saying here is expressed in a metamorphic way. The light is God and, the truth, all his teachings and everything that he had created. It projected itself on the darkness which is the humans, everyday people. Augustine states that â€Å"one must believe in order to understand.† He states that god must give one faith. This gift from God which is grace, determines if one believes or not. To understand one must have faith in God. When they have faith in God they will then be able to open their minds and begin to understand his teachings. â€Å"Again I found in them that the word, G od was born not of flesh nor blood, nor of the evil of man nor of the will of the flesh, but of God, but I did not find that the word became flesh.†(p116/IX) What he is saying here was that the word came not from these places but from God himself and it will not become flesh until it is loved and believed. Until we believe we will not understand. Once we believe an understanding will begin to bloom. He says we should hid these teachings from the wise and share them with the young. Meek and humble of hearts shall absorb his teachings and learn to forgive sins and love one another and find peace. While those who wear high boots shall not learn his ways and will remain ignorant to his teachings and carry a foolish heart. We must have faith in order to understand God and reach a state of grace. There are some things in the world that we might think as evil. They might be stormy winds, tornadoes, or flash floods. We see them as evil because they do not fit in with our ways of l...

Accounting Theory for Liability and Equity - MyAssignmenthelp

The accounting academics, as well as the developers of accounting standards, have tried to build a conceptual framework for counting, which gives a certain statement about the characteristics plus the objectives of financial accounting along with reporting. Besides this, the framework of accounting can be used as the guideline and guide all the accountants in entire accounting practices. The accounting firework can be useful as it can provide a firm theoretical base in order to provide a cogent explanation about the accounting as well as it helps in making the accounting process logical for the students (Appannaiah, Reddy & Putty, 2010). The main aim of the conceptual framework is to provide the guideline to the accountant throughout the preparation as well as the presentation of the common purpose of financial reports within the public as well as private sectors. The conceptual framework for accounting has the objectives to give a fundamental conception or theory for the accounting. The conceptual framework of accounting helps in detecting as well as defining the qualitative features of the financial information like reliability, relevance, comparability, timeliness, plus understandability. Furthermore, the conceptual framework can help in recognizing and defining the fundamental elements of accounting like assets, liability, equity, income, revenue, expenses as well as profit.  Ã‚   At the low level, it deals with the principles as well as the basic rules for the detection and assessment of the key elements (Britton & Waterston, 2013). It also helps in identifying the information types which would be displayed in the financial reports. However, the attempts to make the radical change by introducing a conceptual framework SAC 4 have failed. The essay is an attempt to explore the reason behind the failure of SAC 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The financial statements of a company should provide the appropriate value of the company. The accountants and auditors should focus on the fair representation of the financial statements. The errors or omissions in the financial statements can lead to the increase or decrease in the value of the company. The income, expense, assets and liabilities should be clearly and fairly stated in the financial statements. Both the FASB and IASB framework considers the objective of the financial reporting is to fairly communicate the financial information to the users. The financial information should be based on the usefulness in the decision-making process. The development of conceptual framework has been a lengthy and complicated process (Holton, 2012). The present focus is on the qualitative characteristics and objective of the financial reporting. The companies should focus on the true and fair view of the company. It has been argued by many people that the previous conceptual framework in cludes the measurement based on the unspecified rules, there is no previous agreement on the objective, logic is circular, and definitions of elements are not workable and also do not provide guidance to the practicing accountants. They have also argued that the previous agreement is not important and also lead to the mechanical decision making. Imprecise and loose definitions and logic can indicate that the accounting is in the pre-science phase. The criticism focuses on the epistemological and ontological assumptions. Thus, accounting can never be unbiased and neutral (Holtzman, 2008). The accountants and auditors play a significant role in depicting the reality and showing the fair value of all the financial items. The material misstatements should be determined that can affect the interests of the shareholders. Apart from this, some people stated that the conceptual framework based on self-interest and professional values. The motivation is to increase the economic through the m onopoly behavior and have gained the social power and acceptance. The accounting professions have to maintain its position and manipulating the attempts at the public regulations. The existence of conceptual framework has increased the conceptual debate level in the standard of setting the process of lobbying. It provides guidance to deal with the problems that are not yet the subject of the accounting standard. The accountants and auditors should provide clear true and fair view of the financial report of the company (Jackling, 2010).   Ã‚   The framework of the study is surrounding the issues which are established by showing the provision of the accounting framework as it is being established by showing the provision of the SAC 4 framework. This is simply explained the benefits and the decrement of the values of the liabilities as it is being provided in the form of the definition of the standards. The FASB statement is showing the financial accounting concepts which are showing the (SAC 4) framework as is being considered for the external reporting as the development of the objectives is considered (Powers & Needles, 2012). The information provided by the standards are showing the establishment of the information which is generally useful for illustrating the usefulness of the information which is beneficial for the purpose of presenting the potential information to the investors and also the creditors. In another way, the rationale established is showing the presented of the selected reporting which enables in showing the appropriate communication process as it is helpful for undertaking the decisions. The framework is also depicted to be surrounding the following objectives that can be achieved by this framework which is enlisted in the following points:- As per the objectives are concerned, these are depicted to be showing the useful financial information’s, but the principles are apart helping in transmitting the information that is necessary for the development of the hierarchy of the qualities. Therefore, the principle characteristics can be easily determined by showing the appropriate, useful information which is showing the complete structure as it is mentioned in the SAC 2. The hierarchical arrangement of the objectives is also showing the ability to the information which is being used for showing the understandability that simply defines the structures of the work (Roode & Leith, 2009). The hierarchy of the work is also presenting the quality measurements which are influencing the financial and the economic decisions as it is shown to be reliable in nature. Thus the material losses can be easily explained by showing the material bias and also the error can be easily categorized. This simply explains the failure of the s tandard SAC 4 for which the inappropriate determination of the values is defined. Since the explanation is also identifying the inappropriate conduct made by the implementation of the framework, then the establishment of the issue is being depicted in the form of showing the removal of the SAC 4 and also the inappropriate transactions are seen in this case. The removal of the issue is becoming the vital reason as it is being explained in this case and also the downfall of the organizational events can be seen by the implementation of this framework (Weil, 2017). These are the issues which are identified in this case and also it is seemed to be leading to the failure of the act as it is being explained in this case. As per the presentation of the work is being made, the errors in the estimations are more as it is being indicated by the implementation of the SAC 4 standard. The inappropriate raising of the issues in the business transactions are identified to be the vital reason for the development of the barriers and also the event destruction is clearly seen in the organizational development. For this reason, the SAC 4 is being removed which is showing the vital cause of the formation of the issues in the organization (Wolf, 2010). There are some archived statements of the accounting concepts such as the SAC 3 as well as SAC 4 were useful until the initial reporting period initiating on or afterward 1 st Jan. 2005, while this specific framework intends for the creation plus presentation of the financial statements according to the AASB the Australian equal to the international IASB framework.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The are several people criticizing the conceptual framework of SAC 4, which help in recognizing and defining the fundamental elements of accounting like assets, liability, equity, income, revenue, expenses as well as profit.   The main issue of this conceptual framework is measurement as the rules for the measurement are not specified in this conceptual framework. Besides this the logic behind the framework is spherical and there is not any previous agreement on the objectives. Apart from this, the definitions of the accounting elements are not workable as well as do not provide any guidance for practicing accounts.  Ã‚   Appannaiah, H., Reddy, P., & Putty, R. (2010).  Financial accounting. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Britton, A., & Waterston, C. (2013).  Financial accounting. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Holton, R. (2012).  Global finance. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Holtzman, M. (2008).  What's new in financial reporting. Florham Park, N.J.: Financial Executives Research Foundation. Jackling, B. (2010).  Accounting. North Ryde, N.S.W.: McGraw-Hill Education. Powers, M., & Needles, B. (2012).  Financial accounting. [Mason]: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Revsine, L., & Mittelstaedt, F. (2017).  Financial reporting and analysis. Dubuque: McGraw-Hill Education. Roode, M., & Leith, K. (2009).  Financial reporting. [Pretoria]: [Salt and Pepper]. Weil, R. (2017).  Financial accounting. [Place of publication not identified]: Cengage Learning. Wolf, M. (2010).  Fixing global finance. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Bioethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Bioethics - Essay Example We have to listen to all sides in order to get a wider idea of the complexity of this debate. But we also have to be firm in our position once we have reached a sound and factual conclusion. That way we avoid any kind of hypocrisy, and there will not be any double talk in our grasp of the issues at hand. Scientists, lawyers, policymakers, theologians, ethicists, and lay people have something to say about this matter. Many have spoken their minds raising up high their heated arguments. All of them have the right to give their opinions, and we will listen to some of them as we move forward up to our concluding words. We have to keep in mind the fact that at the end God is the centre of the debate. According to the position that we might defend, human freedom of choice becomes an alibi for behaving as we please, or it is the subject of a higher dimension in the eyes of God. When dealing with new reproductive technologies, we should study the bioethical aspects of such new instruments of Science. The mere production of spare embryos as well as their use for scientific research raises some serious bioethical questions that need to be answered. Just from the natural point of view, we have arguments in favor of showing respect for any kind of embryos, even if they are classified as "pre-embryos". C. W. Kischer gives us some useful information about the idea behind the term "conception", and its relationship with the beginning of human life: ""When animal experiments were done in the 18th and 19th centuries, deductive reasoning led to the conclusion that life began at conception; and, finally, this was observed directly by the first in-vitro fertilization procedures with human gametes some 40 years ago" (Kischer 2002). Following this kind of reasoning -not taking God into account, just from the natural point of view- Kischer arrives to this conclusion: "We should respect a microscopic human embryo because at that time it is an integrated whole organism, just as the human is at every moment in time until death. Every human embryo deserves as much respect as you or I because it is formed as a new individual human life within the continuum of life as a manifestation of NATURAL LAW!" (Kischer 2002) (Kischer's own emphasis in capital letters). Kischer speaks about a "continuum of life", and there are three different opposing views on this idea as R. Hoedemaekers explains in detail. He states that there are three fundamental positions with regard to the moral status of a new unborn human life: the first one is "continuity in development", and this view gives personhood to the embryo from the very beginning, that is, from conception, with the same degree of value and dignity as a human being; the second one is "discontinuity in development", and this position treats the embryos from two different angles, first as a property at conception, and much later as a person, depending on the age in development; and the third one is "incremental or gradual development" that assigns a lesser to a greater degree in personhood to the

DiscussionAnalyzing Cost of Capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DiscussionAnalyzing Cost of Capital - Essay Example In order to reduce this and attain an optimum capital structure the firm needs to determine the combinations of equity and debt that minimize the W.A.C.C. The effective use of that capital should also be considered, as there would be no need of accumulating large amounts of capital without necessary considerations of the projects that are supposed to be undertaken. The company should also consider the cost of raising the particular capital that it deems appropriate. This is measured by the marginal cost of capital. . To obtain finance a company will pay implicit costs which are commonly known as floatation costs (Rosemary, 2012). These include: Underwriting commission, Brokerage costs, cost of printing a prospectus, Commission costs, legal fees, audit costs, cost of printing share certificates, advertising costs etc. For debt there are legal fees, valuation costs (i.e. security, audit fees, Bankers commission etc.). The company needs to determine the combination of capital items that will minimize to a large extent the marginal cost of capital (M.C.C). The company also needs to consider leverage. This is the amount of debt used to finance a firm’s assets. A firm with significantly more debt than equity is considered to be more leveraged. A high degree of leverage increases the financial risk the company faces, as it may not be able to refinance such debt, leading to insolvency (Rosemary, 2012). An optimum capital structure needs has lower amounts of financial risk and sustainable levels of

tribute to the nice guys :: essays research papers

this is a tribute to the nice guys. The nice guys that finish last, that never become more than friends, that endure hours of whining and bitching about what assholes guys are, while disproving the very point. This is dedicated to those guys who always provide a shoulder to lean on but restrain themselves to tentative hugs, those guys who hold open doors and give reassuring pats on the back and sit patiently outside the changing room at department stores. This is in honor of the guys that obligingly reiterate how cute/beautiful/smart/funny/sexy their female friends are at the appropriate moment, because they know most girls need that litany of support. This is in honor of the guys with open minds, with laid-back attitudes, with honest concern. This is in honor of the guys who respect a girl’s every facet, from her privacy to her theology to her clothing style. This is for the guys who escort their drunk, bewildered female friends back from parties and never take advantage once they’re at her door, for the guys who accompany girls to bars as buffers against the rest of the creepy male population, for the guys who know a girl is fishing for compliments but give them out anyway, for the guys who always play by the rules in a game where the rules favor cheaters, for the guys who are accredited as boyfriend material but somehow don’t end up being boyfriends, for all the nice guys who are overlooked, underestimated, and unappreciated, for all the nice guys who are manipulated, misled, and unjustly abandoned, this is for you. This is for that time she left 40 urgent messages on your cell phone, and when you called her back, she spent three hours painstakingly dissecting two sentences her boyfriend said to her over dinner. And even though you thought her boyfriend was a chump and a jerk, you assured her that it was all ok and she sho uldn’t worry about it. This is for that time she interrupted the best killing spree you’d ever orchestrated in GTA3 to rant about a rumor that romantically linked her and the guy she thinks is the most repulsive person in the world. And even though you thought it was immature and you had nothing against the guy, you paused the game for two hours and helped her concoct a counter-rumor to spread around the floor.

Recruitment Practices at Hcl

PROJECT REPORT on RECRUITMENT and selection PROCESS in an it organization w. s. r. t. to HCL By A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of Business Administration of ___________ University, INDIA CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK OF RECRUITMENT PROCESS PROFILE OF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT AND STATUS QUO OF HCL RECRUITMENT PROCEDURE IN HCL DATA ANALYSIS INCLUDING OPINION SURVEY OF EXECUTIVES AND EMPLOYEES /WORKERS REGARDING RECRUITMENT PROCEDURE IN HCL. CONCLUSION FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONSANNEXURES BIBLIOGRAPHY DECLARATON Synopsis on â€Å"Recruitment & Selection Processin in an it organization w. s. r. t. HCL† submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Masters of Business Administration to Sikkim – Manipal University, India, is my original work and not submitted for the award of any other degree, diploma, fellowship, or any other similar title or prizes. Place: Noida Date: _________ (Noopur sood) Registration No. 520851050 Certificate Project Report of Noopur Sood (Registration No. 520851050).Project Report on â€Å"Recruitment & Selection Processin in an it organization w. s. r. t. HCL† is approved and is acceptable in quality and form. Internal ExaminerExternal Examiners (Mr. _________________) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am highly thankful to Mr. Israr Alam, Faculty Guide, Insoft, Sec-10, Noida for the scholastic & kind advice and the valuable time that he gave during my Report. I shall be failing in my duty if I do not acknowledge my thanks to Staff members of my institute, without their guidance and cooperation this project would haven’t been successfully accomplished.I also express my gratitude to all those people who has provided me all the necessary information providing me throughout this infrastructure to carry out the project and people who were directly and indirectly instrument in enabling me to stay committed for the project noopur sood PREFAC E The success of any business entity solely depends on how effectively does it utilizes its optimum resources and how soon does it make arrangements for the removal of the customer’s grievances.Moreover, the company should always be ready to make necessary changes according to the requirement in order to attract more customers so as to maintain a substantial growth in the market. The topic given to me was: â€Å"Recruitment & Selection Process† I have tried to put my best efforts to complete this task on the basis of skill that I have achieved during my studies in the institute. I have tried to put my maximum effort to get the accurate statistical data. If there is any error or any mistake in collecting the data, please ignore it.INTRODUCTION HCL Infosystems HCL Infosystems(â€Å"HCL†) is one of India’s leading global IT Services Company, providing software- led IT solutions, BPO and Remote Infrastructure Management services. Making a foray into the servi ces domain in 1997-98, HCL Infosystems focuses on technology and R&D outsourcing, working with clients in areas at the core of their business. Partnerships and risk-sharing have been integral to company’s growth. Relationships have been cemented with partners in diverse areas such as investment banking and telecom.Keeping pace with the industry trend, HCL has applied itself to gaining momentum in emerging business segments such as Infrastructure Management Services & BPO, optimizing its business portfolio. About 25% of revenues now coming from these high growth segments of tomorrow. Product Engineering and Technology services along with Applications & Enterprise Consulting services contribute equally to the revenues. HCL also has a rapidly diversifying geographic mix with Europe and Rest of the World yielding 25% and 15% revenue, respectively. North America revenues continue to dominate with a share of about 60%.The company leverages an extensive offshore infrastructure and i ts global network in 15 countries to deliver solutions across select verticals including Banking, Insurance, Retail & Consumer, Aerospace, Automotive, Semiconductors, Telecom and Life Sciences. For the twelve month period ended 30th June 2005, HCL Infosystemsalong with its subsidiaries had revenues of $ 764 million and employed 24,000 professionals. For more information, please visit www. hcltech. com WHY HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IS IMPORTANT An organization is nothing without human resources. What is IBM without its employees?Same is in a hotel industry. It is totally based on managing people or manpower in an efficient way. When we think about the million of organization that provide us with goods and services, any one of more of which will employ us during our lifetime, often do we explicitly consider that these organization depend on people to make them operate? It is only under unusual circumstances, such as when clerks go on strike at our local supermarket, or the teachers wa lkout from our schools, colleges or employees working in an hotel industry, that we recognize the important role play in making organization work.There are some question which are listed down in order to know how important HRM is are : How did these people come to be employees in an organization? How were they found and selected? Why do they come to work on a regular basis? How do they know what to do on their jobs? How does management know if the employees are performing adequately? If they are not, what can be done about it? Will today’s employees be prepared for the work the organization will require of them in ten, twenty – thirty years? Management : It is the process of efficiently getting activities completed with and through other people.The management process includes the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling activities that take place to accomplish objectives. With reference to our definition, Goals are the â€Å"activities completed†. Limited resources are implied in â€Å"efficiently†. People are those in â€Å"through other people†. First goals are necessary because activities must be directed toward some end. There is a considerable truth in the observation that â€Å"if you don’t know where you are going, any road will take you there†. The established goals may not so explicit, but where there are no goals, there may be a need for a new managers or no need for managers at all.Second, there are limited sources. Economic resources are scarce therefore, the manager is responsible for their allocation. This requires not only that managers be effective in achieving goals that are established but they be efficient in relating output to input. They must seek a given output with a lower input that is now being used or, for a given input, strive for a greater output. It again depends how much the manager knows about his capacity and how he designs his planning structure and how efficiently he gives a better picture and utilizes it accordingly.Managers , then are concerned with the attainment of goals, which makes them effective, and with the best allocation of scarce resources, which makes them efficient. The need for two or more people is third and last requisite for management. It is with and through people that managers perform their work. Managers are those who work with and through other people, allocating scarce resources, to achieve goals. HRM AND ITS FUNCTIONS Human resource management is concerned with the â€Å"people† dimensions in management.Since every organization is made up of people, acquiring their services developing their skills, motivating them to high levels of performance, and ensuring that they continue to maintain their commitment to the organization are essential to achieving organizational goals. To look HRM more specifically we suggest that it is a process consisting of four function :- Accusation, Development, Motivation and Maintenance â₠¬â€œ of Human Resource. ACQUISITION FUNCTION The acquisition function being with planning. Relative to human resource requirements, we new to know where we are giving and how we are giving to get these.This includes the estimating demands and supplies of labour. Acquisition also includes the recruitment, selection and socialization of employees. DEVELOPMENT FUNCTION It can be seen along three dimensions. The first is employee training which emphasizes skill development and the changing of attitudes among workers. The second is management development, which concerns itself primarily with knowledge acquisition and the enhancement of an executives conceptual abilities. The third is career development, which is the continual effort to match long-term individual and organizational needs. It also has a major unction, it prepares the employees to adopt change at any point of time. Since the scenario of the market changes day by day it is very important for an organization to keep his emplo yees ready to face the change, and accordingly change in order to adapt the change in order to sustain in this competitive market scenario. MANAGEMENT FUNCTION The final function is maintenance. In contrast to the motivation function, which attempts to stimulate performance, the maintenance function is concerned with providing those working conditions that employees believe are necessary in order to maintain their commitment to the organization.MOTIVATION FUNCTION The motivation function begins with the recognition that individuals are unique and that motivation techniques must reflect the needs of each individual. Within the motivation function alienation, job satisfaction, performance appraisal behavioral and structural techniques for stimulating worker performance, the importance of linking regards to performance, compensation and benefits administration and how to handle problem employees are renewed.In recent years, more emphasis was given on manpower because of the change in t he society, attitude of an individual etc. etc. In a study ASID i. e. the AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT recognized nine are of HRM. Training and Development Organization and Development Organization/Job Design Human Resource Planning Selection and Staffing Personnel Research and Information Systems Compensation/Benefits Employee Assistance Union/Labour Relations The outputs of this model are : Quality of Work Life Productivity Readiness to Change HRM MODEL | |Training and Development | | | | | |- Focus is on identifying and | | | | | |assessing | | | | | | | | | |Union/labour Relation | | | |Organization Development | |Focus : Assessing healthy | | | |Focus : assessing healthy inter | |union/organization relationship. | |? | |relationship as bell as intra | | | | | | | | |? | |? | | |Employee Assistance Focus : | |- Quality of work life | |Organization/Job Design. | |Providing personal problem | |- Productivity | |Focus : defining how tasks, | |solving, canceling to individual |? |- Readiness to change |? authority and system will be | |employees | | | |organized | | |? | |? | | |Compensation and Benefit | | | |Human Resource Planning : | |Focus : Assessing compensation and| | | |Determining the origins major HRM | |benefits | | | |needs strategies and policies | | | |? | | | |? | | | | |Personnel research and | |Selection and Staffing : | | | |information systems | |Focus : Matching people and their | | | |Focus : assuring a personnel | |career needs and capabilities with | | | |information base | |join and career path | | |From the above introduction about Human Resource management, it has been pretty clear that how important is human resource and its allocation. Again it depends on human resource planning. So the next question which arises is what is Human Resource Planning? HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING It is one of the most important and essential programme of Human Resource Management. Human Resource Planning is the process by which an organiza tion ensures that it has right number of people, right kind of people, at the right places, at the right time, capable of the right places, at the right time, capable of effectively and efficiently completing those tasks which will help the organization to achieve its overall objectives as well as goals.Human Resource Planning then, translation the organization’s objectives and plans into the number of workers needed to meet those objectives. Without clear-cut planning, estimation of organization's human resource need is reduced to more guesswork. Of all the â€Å"MS† in management (the management of materials, machines, methods, money, motive power), the most important is â€Å"M† for men or manpower. Manpower is a primary resource without which other resources like money, machines materials can not be put to use. Even in the age of computer and Robert it requires human resources to execute it and plan further improvement. It is the most valuable asset of an or ganisation.If people of poor caliber are hired, nothing much can be accomplished and Grasism’s law will work the bad people will drive out the good car cause them to deteriorate. Organisation of men for managing a purpose is age-old, even though, this science of management is yet in a developing stage especially in developing countries. Effective utilisation of manpower resources is the key note of manpower management. Ever since the factory system, production managers have devoted a great deal of time and effort to the physical organisations of the industry. During the nineteenth Century the average employer in their efforts to reduce costs centralised their attention upon management of men and machines.Man management is basically concerned with having right type of people available as and when required and improving the performance of the existing people to make them more productive on their job. Recruitment forms the first stage in the process which continues with selectio n and ceases with the placement of the candidates. It is the next step in the procurement function, the first being the manpower planning. Recruitment makes it possible to acquire the number and types of people necessary to ensure the continued operation of the organisation. Recruiting is the discovering of potential applicants for actual or anticipated organisational vacancies. In other words, it is a linking activity bringing together those with jobs and those seeking jobs.It’s purpose is to pave the way for the selection procedures by producing, ideally the smallest number of candidates who appear to be capable either of performing the required tasks of the job from the outset, or of developing the ability to do so within a period of time acceptable to the employing organisation. The smallest number of potentially suitable candidates can in theory, of course, be any number. The main point that needs to be made about the recruitment task is that the employing organisation s hould not waste time and money examining the credentials of people whose qualification do not match the requirements of the job. A primary task of the recruitment phase is to help would be applicants to decide whether they are likely to be suitable to fill the job vacancy. This is clearly in the interest of both the employing organisation and the applicants. SCOPE OF THE STUDY :At this point we are nor concerned with desirability of recruitment process since it can not be avoided. Instead our concern is focussed of those questions like recruitment for what purpose. On what basis should it be written down and saved or not? If saved for ever or for a year or two? These are issue to be argued and these are the elements that make manpower planning ground or bad, effective or ineffective. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY : Without focussing the pattern of management, organisation philosophy highlights on achieving a surely where all citizens (employees) can lead a richer and fuller life. Every orga nisation, therefore, strikes for greater productivity, elimination of wastes, lower costs and higher wages, so the ndustry needs a stable and energetic labours force that can boast of production by increased productivity. To achieve these objectives a good recruitment process is essential. By which industry strikes right number of persons and right kind of persons at the right time and at right places through and the planning period without hampering productivity. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY : The objective of the study is to analyse the actual recruitment process in HCL , and to evaluate how far this process confirm to the purposes underlying the operational aspects of the industry. How far the process is accepted by it ? And what are the options of the family members of the organisation?The study on recruitment highlights the need of recruitment in HCL InfosystemsLimited. METHODOLOGY : The study is carried on in a proper planned and systematic manner. This methodology includes Familiariz ation with the organisation. Observation and collection of data. Analysis of data. Conclusion and suggestion based on analysis. HYPOTHESIS The organisation follows a systematic recruitment process, which contributes towards continuous flow of production without shortage or excess of labours. SAMPLING The study covers 10 executive, 20 employees from different departments/ sections of HCL as sample in order to elicit relevant facts. Since it is not possible to approach each and every manpower of the organization.UNIT OF STUDY: An executive and a worker irrespective of their position and placements in any of the departments of the organization is considered as unit of study. SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION: The primary as well as the secondary sources was used for collection of data. In primary source of data collection the interview schedule and questionnaire and opinion survey were used and in secondary source of data collection relevant records, books, diary and magazines were used. Thus the source of data collection were as follows: SOURCE OF DATA COLLECTION PRIMARY SECONDARY 1. interview schedule1. Diary 2. Questionnaire2. Books 3. Opinion Survey3. Other records 4.Magazines The investigator used structural interview schedule, questionnaire and opinion survey for collection of data from primary source. Interview schedules were used for workers clerical, category and questionnaires were used for supervisory and executive cadre and opinion survey was used to know the technology, perceptions, thoughts and reactions of the executives, employees/workers and trade union members of the organisation. The investigator used the secondary source like diary, books, magazines and other relevant records for collection of data to know about the industry as well as the respondents. TABULATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:After completion of data collection the editing of the responses go obtained was done. This edited data further codified and code book was prepared. On the basis of these tables the data were interpreted and analysed and conclusion was drawn. LIMITATIONS: Every scientific study has certain limitations and the present study is no more exception. These are: – Interviewing of the executive of top echelon position who are making recruitment is busy in the Organisation State of affair. So it is not possible to contact all of those every busy executives. The terminology used in the subject is highly technical in nature and creates a lot of ambiguity.Confidentiality of the management is the strongest hindrance to the collection of data and scientific analysis of the study. All the secondary data are required were not available. Respondents were found hesitant in revealing opinion about supervisors and management. In spite of all these limitations, the investigator has made an humble attempt to present an analytical picture of the study with some suggestion for the long run implementation. ABOUT HCL In the early 70s, a group of young, enthus iastic and ambitious technocrats embarked upon a venture that would make their vision of IT revolution in India a reality. Shiv Nadar and five of his colleagues got together and in 1975, set up a new company called Micro comp.To start with they decided to capitalize on their marketing skills. Micro comp marketed calculators and within a few months of starting operations, company was outselling its major competitors. In 1976, Micro comp approached UPSEC (Uttar Pradesh State Electronics Corporation) for help to set up a computer company. Impressed by their technical and marketing competence, UPSEC agreed to set up a joint venture. On the 11th of August 1976 Hindustan computers Limited was incorporated as a join venture between the entrepreneurs and UPSEC and with an initial equity of Rs. 1. 83 lakhs. HCL InfosystemsLimited (HCL) has now become India’s one of the big technology integration company.Over the years, HCL Infosystemshas positioned its business operations to fulfill i ts vision statement: ‘Together we create enterprises of tomorrow’. The overarching theme for the company’s swift progression into the software and services arena, in India and globally, is evolving. Signifying a state of constant growth, the evolve theme is visible in the many ways that HCL Infosystemshas undergone a metamorphosis into becoming a complete IT solutions company. The menu of HCL Infosystemsglobal services broadly covers IT consulting and professional services in the area of vertical applications, technology integration, ERP implementation and software development. This also includes a complete portfolio of systems and network services for development.This also includes a complete portfolio of systems and network services for Facilities Management, Helpdesks, Systems Supports and network and Internet Implementation. HCL Infosystems’ global customers include Samsung, Government of Singapore, and AMAL insurance Jurong Port in Singapore and Malay sian’s BSN commercial bank, SIA, DBS bank, Maybank life assurance charted semiconductors, Asia Matsushita and Shell Malaysia. Some of its global customer in the government sector is Inland Revenue authority of Singapore, civil aviation authority of Singapore, Singapore power, ministry of education, health and national development, telecom authority of Singapore and penang state govt.HCL Infosystems’ chosen platform of total technology integration lends itself to some very significant alliances with the global leaders. Among its partner are HP for high end AISCE/UNIX services and workstation and HP Open view network management solution; Intel for PC and PC server building blocks; Microsoft,novell and SCO AG solutions; Red hat ;Linux; Samsung; Pivota for CRM solution and ORACLE Sybase and Informix for RDBMS platform. INDIAN HARDWARE INDUSTRY AND HCL INFOSYSTEMSLTD. The Indian IT and Electronics market in 2004-05 was worth US$ 32. 9 billion of which US$ 19. 7 billion cons isted of software. Electronics and IT hardware production stood at US$ 13. 2 billion.Some 4,100 units are engaged in electronics production manufacturing goods as diverse as TV tubes, test and measuring instruments, medical electronics equipment, analytical and special application instruments, process control equipment, power electronics equipment, office equipment, components etc. Market researcher IDC estimates that the market-value estimate over next 3 years for hardware products is Rs. 79,000 crores The Indian electronics and hardware industry has been lagging behind the impressive performance of the software sector. Most of the hardware requirements of the burgeoning software and telecom sectors are met by imports which are about 25%. The Ministry of Information Technology, Govt. f India has estimated that the total requirement of hardware and components by 2008 would be in range of US$ 160 billion and the investment required in the manufacturing facilities would be US$ 16 bill ion. NASSCOM, the leading IT industry body estimates that to achieve a software export target of US$ 87 billion in 2008, the hardware requirement would be US$ 50 billion. By far the most comprehensive study was carried out by Ernst & Young in association with MAIT, the hardware industry body in 2002. It estimates that given the right incentives, India's electronic hardware industry has the potential to reach US$ 62 billion by 2010, twelve times its existing size with the domestic market accounting for US$ 37 billion and exports of US$ 25 billion.The major export opportunities would be in the area of innovative new products, contract manufacturing and design services. This shows that there are large opportunities for Indian companies to increase their strength and grave these opportunities for future growth. HCL InfosystemsLtd is one of those companies which are working to increase their network and making innovative new products. HCL InfosystemsLtd. is currently engaged in selling m anufactured hardware (like PCs, servers, monitors and peripherals) and traded hardware (like notebooks, peripherals) to institutional clients as well as retail channel partners. Besides, it offers hardware support services to existing clients through annual maintenance contracts, net work consulting and facilities management.In 2002-03, HCL’s total hardware turnover was Rs. 10. 97 billion, higher by around 24% over the corresponding figure for 2001-02. Of this, manufactured hardware constituted 60%, traded hardware 32% and hardware support services 9%. The company’s reported operating margins in 2002-03 (including six months of OA, telecommunication and software businesses) increased to 6. 7% from 5. 9% in 2001-02, primarily because of better margins in hardware. While average material costs declined in 2002-03, the company was able to retain a part of the margins in its product realizations. Better margins in hardware resulted in the return on capital employed (ROCE) from hardware increasing from 11. % in 2001-02 to 25. 6% in 2002-03. In the domestic home PC organized sector, HCL Infosystemsis the market leader. Other players include Zenith Computers, IBM, Sun Microsystems, Wipro, Hewlett Packard. Assembled personal computers have a large presence in the domestic home PC market, accounting for a chunk of the total sales. The overall market for desktop personal computers registered a 28. 2 percent growth during calendar year 2004 as compared to the previous year. What is significant is that branded PCs continue to make impressive gains against the gray market. According to IDC, the share of branded PCs grew from 36. 2 percent in 2003 to 49. percent in 2004, registering an impressive growth rate of 74. 3 percent. Interestingly, the gray market remained flat, registering a growth of 2. 2 percent, while the total desktop PC market registered a growth of 28. 2 percent. According to IDC, the recent re-surfacing of finance-based purchase options had an accelerating effect on the consumer desktop market, which is already witnessing a consistent drop in end-user prices for both the branded and unbranded PC segments. Among the vendors, HCL Infosystemsemerged as the market leader with a share of 13. 7 percent. The company registered a 91. 4 percent growth during 2004 as compared to the previous year. HP followed HCL with a market share of 11. percent. HP too grew at a blistering pace registering a growth rate of 73. 03 percent. IBM is in the third place with a market share of 6. 2 percent. IDC is not the only research firm confirming the signs of robust growth. Gartner, in a recent report, states that the Indian desktop market grew by 31. 5 percent in 2004. Says Vinod Nair, Analyst, Computing Systems, Gartner India, â€Å"Peaking business confidence based on strong economic growth catalyzed PC purchases in both consumer and corporate segments throughout 2004. † While every research firm has given different figures, one thing i s common—the PC market is booming at double-digit growth rates.MAIT (Manufacturers Association of Information Technology) estimates that the desktop PC market grossed 17. 1 lakhs units in the first half of fiscal 2004-05, registering a growth of 37 percent over the same period of the previous fiscal. With the Indian economy booming, MAIT estimates that PC sales will touch the 40 lakhs mark in fiscal 2004-05. The buoyancy in PC sales can be attributed to increased consumption by traditional industry verticals such as telecom, banking, financial services and insurance, BPO, manufacturing and government. Consumption also increased in non-traditional sectors such as education, retail outlets and self-employed professionals.In future, HCL’s hardware sales to the institutional segment are likely to remain stable, with sustained hardware spending by all the verticals, especially the banking and financial services sector. Besides, in retail hardware sales, a continued reductio n of price points, facilitated in part by the recent reduction in excise duties on PCs, is likely to reduce the price advantage of the small assemblers, and augur well for branded PC manufacturers like HCL. In the medium term, HCL’s margins, despite its sales tax advantages, may be affected by the likely removal of duty protection on manufactured PCs from the year 2005. Current Market Share of various IT players in over all Desktop Market in 2004   Vendors |Units |Market share(percent) |Units (2004) |Percentage of Units Shipped |Year-on-Year Growth (percent) | | |(2003) | | | | | | | | | | | | |HCL |232,169 |9. 2 |4,43,535 |13. 7 |91. 04 | |HP |221,964 |8. 8 |3,84,058 |11. 9 |73. 03 | |IBM |132,582 |5. 3 |1,98,973 |6. 2 |50. 8 | |Source : IDC India | Total desktop market | |   |Units (2003) |Percentage of Units Shipped |Units (2004) |Percentage of Units Shipped |Year-on-Year Growth(percent) | |Branded |911,403 |36. 2 |1,589,016 |49. 2 |74. 3 | |Grey |1,608,752 |63. 8 |1 ,643,694 |50. 8 |2. 2 | |Total |2,520,155 |100 |3,232,710 |100 |28. | | Source : IDC India | [pic] From the above figure we can clearly see that HCL emerged as the clear winner among the branded PC companies with 34% or 13. 7% of market share followed by 30% or 11. 9 % of market share by HP. IBM was third in the race with only 15% or 6. 2% of market share of branded PC computers. Along with becoming the market leader in branded PC HCL Infosystemsalso became 1. 3 Billion Dollar company in April 2006. SUCCESS STORY Vision, bravado and grit have seen HCL evolve from a dream of eight youngsters in 1977 to the country's top IT group today, with revenues closing in on Rs 5,000 crore 975: Six young men get together over a cup of coffee and snacks. The conversation veers from cars and travel to jobs, career and the future. Since they all work together, its only natural that they talk shop. They also explore the possibility of starting a company of their own-one rooted in values, directed at creating a market for its products in a segment hitherto unexplored, hardware. Microcomp is born. The initial investment-all their savings, making up seed capital of Rs 1. 87 lakh. â€Å"Six of us, all with DCM, wanted to start a computer company. But we didn't have enough funds. We decided, therefore, to settle for a close second-we set up a calculator company, Microcomp.We were, of course, working our way upward, towards creating a computer company, till someone informed us that we would need a license for the same. The Uttar Pradesh government was offering an open license of this nature around that time. We acquired it and created Hindustan Computers Ltd (HCL). The name itself had a reason behind it-it denoted largeness, it was Indian, it was patriotic, it was perfect†¦ Two more of our friends joined us later to set up Hindustan Computers in August 1976-that took the number of people who started HCL up to eight,† remembers Ajai Chowdhry, one of that original group of eight and now President and Managing Director of HCL Infosystems. We dreamt of working in an industry that would revolutionize businesses, an industry that gave everyone an equal chance to succeed†¦ We also knew we wanted to dominate it. Through these years, we have retained our number one position and sustained our growth. The one business strategy that has dominated and been at the core of our business is constant adaptation and renovation. We have also developed new paradigms for new opportunities,† adds Shiv Nadar, Chairman of HCL Infosystems. A teething problem faced by the company-getting imports through. The regulations and laws of the time did not allow the import of technology. Components and sub-assemblies, however, could be imported. â€Å"The latter was a very expensive affair. This led to a sharp focus on in-house design.The first product we came out with was targeted at the engineering research market-Micro 2200, based on a 4-bit microprocessor from Rockwe ll,† says Chowdhry. With Micro 2200, orders poured in for HCL. â€Å"We had no products, and we couldn't simulate them, so we had to create a bread-board model. We actually had people coming to us and looking at these models and placing orders-they believed in us! † The deadlines were tough, but they had to be met, or the orders would fall through. The first deadline was March 31, and everyone worked night and day for weeks. The final delivery date-March 27. â€Å"I remember a particular instance. After setting up of HCL (Chennai), we were flooded with orders, especially from IIT Chennai.I personally went to the airport in my old Fiat and delivered the units personally to the IIT professors,† recalls Chowdhry. When MNCs weren't popular If we tabulate the history of Indian business, 1977 will go down as a â€Å"funny† year. It was in 1977 that the Janata Party government came to power. Among their first actions on the commerce front-asking IBM and Coke, amo ng other multinational companies, to either increase the component of Indian holdings or move out. They moved out. â€Å"That was a stroke of luck for us,† says Chowdhry. â€Å"We created an eight-bit computer, our first usage of Intel architecture. We went and sold that to lots and lots of companies, among them a cement company that used four floppies to manage the payroll of all its 3,000 companies. â€Å"Three years later, in 1980, HCL became a Rs 2-crore company. â€Å"We decided to expand overseas and entered the Singapore market, armed with some expertise in hardware and targeting the SME market. However, once there, we realized that the demand was more for solutions, not so much for boxes. We set up a software factory in Chennai-we would go to customers and tell them we would do everything-make the box, write the software, train the staff, maintain the equipment, the works†¦ And we had to do $1 million in orders out of Singapore between August 1 and December 31 , 1980. That was the make or break point-less than that and we wouldn't have the cash flow to run the company. In the nick of time is how things worked out-HCL Singapore managed that figure on the morning of December 31. HCL Group: How the Dream has Evolved 1975 Shiv Nadar and five colleagues start Microcomp 1976 HCL promoted with startup capital of Rs 1. 83 lacs (US$ 3826. 85) 1980 HCL's first transnational venture, Far east Computers, established in Singapore 1981 Set up NIIT, India's first private sector IT education institution. 1985 HCL America established with headquarters at Sunnyvale, California 1991 HCL and HP, USA agree to enter into a partnership to form HCL HP 1994 HCL Tech formed as separate software company 1996 Joint venture with James Martin & Co. nd Perot Systems Corporation 1997 HCL Tech incorporated in UK, Germany, France, Sweden, Belgium, Italy and Switzerland 1998 Operations started in Japan, Hong Kong, Australia, and New Zealand 1999 Initial Public Offering mad e by HCL Tech Formation of Global Board of Directors and Advisory Board. Audit, Compensation and Related Party Transaction Committees set up Implementation of ‘Glocal' Management Concept 2000 Large deals with Bankers Trust, KLA and GTech 2001 Acquisition of Deutsche Software Acquires Ireland-based BPO firm, Apollo Contact Centre HCL Enterprise Solutions formed as a joint venture with Computech Corporation, Inc, USA The Singapore experience taught the founders a lesson-designing and manufacturing products in India and selling them overseas was akin to walking a tough and profit-less path. This was when we decided to walk the software integration road. We created the integration database, much before Intel†¦ but we killed it! We were so naive, we killed a product line like that,† says Chowdhry. In 1984, the new computer policy was coined and standards were put in place. This saw a major move by banks toward the Unix platform. â€Å"A few companies approached us and w e decided to launch the personal computer in India. We had three weeks to do this. Our people flew all over the place, including Taiwan and Bangkok, and brought back PCs. We took them apart, studied them and got into manufacturing mode. We launched our PC in three weeks. And that, incidentally, how Busybee was born,† says Chowdhry.A turning point came in 1989, just when the PC and software integration business was chugging along smoothly. McKenzie & Company approached HCL and offered to carry out a study for HCL, entitled HCL's Entry Into America. â€Å"We told them we were too small and couldn't afford them. They did a project for us anyway, and refused to charge us any money,† says Chowdhry. When the findings of the study were presented to the top brass at HCL, the company moved into the US market-HCL America was born. â€Å"We marked the entry into the US market with hardware. We had no environmental clearances and fell back. We could not deliver as promised. Our en try strategy was right, but the product wasn't.We were in big trouble-our overheads were high, we had no revenues†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Unix to the rescue It was the US reversal that made HCL look at newer avenues, and a path that would lead to more revenues. â€Å"That is how our software strategy was born, and we capitalized on our Unix strengths. Around this time, we were in talks with Hewlett-Packard for a joint venture. We were also working on Apollo, and HP bought out the product. About the same time as out foray into the US, we tied up with HP. At that time, HP was smaller than the behemoth it is today, but it still boasted global expertise. And that was something we wanted,† says Chowdhry. However, HP asked HCL to close down its RISC and Unix R&D setup.Unwilling to down shutters on a going and profitable effort, HCL created a new opportunity out of the situation-HCL Consulting was set up and the said works were moved in to this new company. â€Å"We had our people working at the HP research centers, taking in all of the technologies. This was a great learning period and had a mushroom effect subsequently, when HCL Consulting turned into HCL Technologies,† says Chowdhry. And along the line, HCL Infosystemswas also set up. Chowdhry remains upbeat on the company he runs on a day-to-day basis, HCL Infosystems-despite the predicted flat growth in the current year. HCL Insys focuses on the domestic products and software businesses and its main areas of operations are: -Products & System Integration: PCs, Phones, EPABXs, SI. HCL’S OFFERINGS IN INFO-PROCESSING PRODUCTSHCL Advantage HCL Infosystemsdraws it's strength from 27 years of experience in handling the ever changing IT scenario , strong customer relationships , ability to provide the cutting edge technology at best-value-for-money and on top of it , an excellent service & support infrastructure. Today HCL is country's premier information enabling company . It offers one-stop-shop convenienc e to its diverse customers having an equally diverse set of requirements, be it a large multi-location enterprise, or a small/medium enterprise, or a small office or a home, HCLI has a product range, sales and support capability to service the needs of the customers.The last 27 years apart from knowledge and experience have also given continuity in relationship with the customers, thereby increasing the customer confidence in HCL. Our strengths can be summarized as: – Ability to understand customer's business and offer right technology – Long standing relationship with customers – Pan India support & service infrastructure – Best-vale-for-money offerings Technology Leadership HCL Infosystemsis known to be the harbinger of technology in the country. Right from our inception we have attempted to pioneer the technology introductions in the country either through our R or through partnerships with the world technology leaders. Using own R HCL has: Created own UNIX & RDBMS capability (in 80s). – developed firewalls for enterprise & personal system security. – launched our own range of enterprise storage products. – launched our own range of networking products. HCLI strive to understand the technology from the view of supporting it post installation as well. This is one of the key ingredients that go into strategic advantage. HCL Infosystemshas to its claim several technology pioneering initiatives. Some of them are: – Country's first DeskTop PC – BusyBee in 1985 – Country's first branded home PC – Beanstalk in 1995 – Country's first Pentium 4 based PC at sub 40k price point – Country's first Media Center PC MANUFACTURINGHCL's computer hardware manufacturing plant is strategicaly located in the Union territory of Pondicherry. Situated 165 kms south of Chennai on the coast of the Bay of Bengal with proximity to Chennai Air/Sea port, special policies for Industises of local Gov t, , Inland Container Depots, attractive power and labour rates – makes Pondicherry an ideal place for business. Started in 1996 – with only Unit 1 – it now has 3 Units (Unit 1,2,& 3) with a built up area of 3,23,000 sq. ft. , PMO has a monthly capacity to make 50,000 desktops and 2000 servers. The infrastructure is state of the art , one of the best & largest in India. |[pic] |[pic] |All 3 factories are ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 14001 certified. PMO was also Awarded MAIT Level 2 – by European Foundation for Quality Management in the year 2001 . HCL was also awarded ELCINA's (Electronic Component Industries Association) Quality Award for the year 2002- 2003 PMO also has Product Engg Group (PEG) and R teams constantly engaged in developing new products and solutions. Driven by a strong Manufacturing Objective â€Å"WE SHALL DELIVER DEFECT-FREE PRODUCTS, SERVICES AND SOLUTIONS TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF OUR EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL CUSTOMERS, THE FIRST TIME, E VERY TIME. † All processes in the manufacturing are aligned to this guiding objective .A strong emphasis of â€Å"Quality by Process† is ensured across all processes. The products manufactured here undergo stringent tests that ensures their ruggedness & durability , which may be deployed anywhere in India and may have to face severe conditions like – heat , humidity , rough transportation & handling . Our products undergo drop tests , hot & cold temperature chamber , client-site simulation tests , reliability tests et al . Computers are shipped to locations all over India with an extensive network of professional logistic support partners. There is also a Customer satisfaction cell, in plant, to take care of problems reported from field.Customers, sales & marketing, support personnel, dealers & distributors are encouraged to visit the plant to see, for themselves, what all goes in making a quality computer system. Philosophy of Quality â€Å"We deliver defect-fr ee products, services and solutions to meet the requirements of our external and internal customers, the first time, and every time. † To exist as a market leader in a globally competitive marketplace, organizations need to adopt and implement a continuous improvement-based quality policy. One of the key elements to HCL's success is its never-ending pursuit of superior quality in all its endeavors. HCL INFOSYSTEMSbelieves in the Total Quality Management philosophy as a means for continuous improvement, total employee participation in quality improvement and customer satisfaction.Its concept of quality addresses people, processes and products. Over the last 20 years,HCL has adapted to newer and better Quality standards that helped us effectively tie Quality with Business Goals, leading to customer and employee satisfaction. QUALITY AT HCL INFOSYSTEMSLTD. The history of structured quality implementation in HCL Infosystemsbegan in the late 1980s with the focus on improving qualit y of its products by using basis QC tools and Failure Reporting and Corrective Active Systems (FRACAS). And also employed concurrent engineering practices including design reviews, and rigorous reliability tests to uncover latent design defects.In the early 90s, the focus was not merely on the quality of products but also the process quality systems. We were certified for ISO 9002 by BVQI in 1994 and re-certified in 1997 to ISO 9001-2000 (for Design & Manufacture of Personal Computers, Business Servers, Work Stations and their Associated Sub-Assemblies). In early 1995, a major quality initiative was launched across the company based on Philip B. Crosby's methodology of QIPM (Quality Improvement Process Management). This model was selected to because it considered the need and commitment by an organization to improve but more importantly, the individual's need towards better quality in his personal life.Under our Quality Education System program, we train our employees on the basic c oncepts and tools of quality. A number of improvement projects have been undertaken by employees, whereby process deficiencies and bottlenecks are identified, and Corrective Action Projects (CAPs) are undertaken. This reduces defect rates and improves cycle times in various processes, including personal quality. HCL has received MAIT's ‘Level II recognition for Business Excellence' for initiatives in the Information Technology Industry, adding another commendation to progress. MAIT's Level II recognition is based on the ‘European Foundation for Quality Management' (EFQM), for gaining quality leadership and business competitiveness.Our certifications / awards in 2003 include ISO 9001-2000 certification by BVQI for Infostructure Services (for Consultancy, Implementation, Support, Audit & Management Services for Information Technology Solutions in the domain of Networking, Security, Facilities Management and System Integration) and award of First Prize by ELCINA (Electronic Component Industries Association) for Quality, 2002-03. The ELCINA award criteria considers two aspects. (1) Enablers (Leadership & Management commitment, Resource Management, Product Realisation, Measurement Analysis & Improvement) and Results (Product Quality, Customer / Stake holder satisfaction , Business results). The tryst for continuous quality improvement is never-ending in HCL. HCL always strive to maintain high quality standards, which help us fulfill mission to provide world-class information technology solutions and services, to enable customers to serve their customers better. CUSTOMER SATISFACTIONOne of the cornerstones of strategy has been a very strong customer focus. 27 years of experience in servicing a varied range of customer requirements has given domain knowledge of customer's business. As a result of this it is able to provide exact solution to customers' needs. During these years they have been able to cement their relationship with customers and gaining the ir trust and confidence as well. Today for desktop PC, they have more than 8 lakh units installed units. HCL enjoy considerable market share in segments like Government, Banking & Finance and Education & research. SUPPORT SERVICES HCL InfosystemsService Support infrastructure is one of the widest in the country.No matter where you are, there's an HCL Service Centre near by. Products are backed by an extensive direct support infrastructure spread across 170 locations nationwide which offer 24 x7 support offering for critical sites. Channel strength is a balanced mix of retail outlets, resellers & distributors. It was strong focus on distribution network that led HCL in devoting few brands exclusively for channel. They are – Beanstalk, BusyBee, Netmanager (servers), and recently launched EzeeBee. Today distribution network helps it take a varied product range to customers in every nook & corner of the country . The product range includes DeskTop PCs, Servers, Laptops & Pocket P Cs.CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK OF RECRUITMENT PROCESS Human resource Management classically pertains to planning; recruitment, selection, placement, induction, compensation, maintenance, development, welfare etc. of Human Resources of any organisation to enable the organization to meet its objective while also enabling the human resources to attain their individual goals. As is evident from the definition of the concept the entire theme revolves centrally around human resource and its role in enabling simultaneous satisfaction of individual and organizational goals. The immediate conclusion that follows from this is that the prime movers of the organisation are the individuals.The process of bringing employees into the folds of organisation is termed as recruitment and can be unambiguously treated as the central pillar for foundation stone of the entire concept of human resource management. It is easy to see why recruitment has accorded such a high position out of the various facets of hu man resource management. The reason is simply that unless one has human resource in the organisation whom will the human resource managers manage or whose energy will they channalise productively and usefully. Keeping this idea into mind this Projects is an attempt to study various options that are available both theoretically as well as practically for an organisation to launch itself into the task of recruitment.The entire report is divided into various sub-sections which appear in a chronology of events that are steps in the process. DEFINITION The success of and organisation largely depends upon the Team of the skilled and qualified human resources who are chosen out of number of applicants for the job. It is the primary duty of the HRD department to procure and maintain an adequate qualified working force of various personnel necessary for manning the organisation. Procurement function of personnel Department includes three major sub-functions- (A) Recruitment; (B) Selection: a nd (C) Placement on the job. Recruitment is the positive process of employment.The process of Recruitment is to identify the prospective employees, attract, encourage and stimulate them to apply for the job, Interview the eligible and select them for a particular job in the organisation. Recruitment is a process to discover the sources of manpower to meet the requirements of the staffing schedule and to employ effective measures for attracting selection of an efficient working force. ————Yoder OBJECTIVES To structure the Recruitment policy of HCL InfosystemsLimited for different categories of employees. To analyse the recruitment policy of the organisation. To compare the Recruitment policy with general policy.To provide a systematic recruitment process. SCOPE OF RECRUITMENT It extends to the whole Organisation. It covers corporate office, sites and works appointments all over India. It covers workers, Clerical Staff, Officers, Jr. Management, Middle Mana gement and Senior Management cadres. CATEGORICALLY CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES OF HCL Category IAll workmen, All Assistants (Accounts, Stores, Field), clerk, Typist, Steno-Typist, Stenographer, Computer Operator. Category IIAccountant, Store keeper, Supervisor up to the level of Officers, Designer, Jr. Engineer, P. A, Sr. P. A, EDP Programmer up to officer, Admin. / personnel / HRD officer, Inspector.CATEGORY IIISecretary, Executive Secretary, Management Trainee, Asst. Engineer, Engineer, Sr. Engineer, Sr. Programmer, Sr. Officer, Asst. Manager, Dy. Manager, Manager, Sr. Manager, Works Superintendent. CATEGORY IVAGM, DGM, GM, SR. G. M. CATEGORY VVP & above. ORGANISATION STRUCTURE OF HCL A brief introduction to Divisional / Departmental heads. CHAIRMAN AND MANAGING DIRECTOR: CMD holds to most position in the organisation. He is the owner of the Company. He guide the functional heads to smoothen their activities. It is the key position in the organisation. DIRECTOR OPERATIONS: He is t he overall incharge of P, HRD, Systems, TQM and Critical Issues.GM-PRODUCTION: He is the overall incharge of works. He is directly involved in production planning. He formulates various policies for betterment of the product. He issues guidelines to Production Department and Quality Control Department for implementation of the policies. VP-FINANCE: He is directly involved in finance matters and finance policy. He is also involved with personnel department for wages compensation, salaries and other financial benefits. AGM- PERSONNEL & ADMINISTRATION : He is the overall incharge of personnel, Administration and Industrial Relations of the group and also oversees the HRD activities. SR. MANAGER-CORPORATE HRD:HRD Department is responsible for better utilisation of manpower through Recruitment’s, Selections, Training, Development, Retention and Welfare of the group. It is involved in policy formation and its implementation. VP-MHD: He is the profit center head of the Material Hand ling Division. He is responsible for Design and Projects Execution. VP-BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT: He is the main source of Business Procurement to MHD. SR. GENERAL MANAGER He is responsible for marketing, Design, Estimation and Projects Management. RECRUITMENT PROCEDURE IN HCL Human resource is a most valuable asset in the Organisation. Profitability of the Organisation depends on its utilisation.If their utilisation is done properly Organisation will make profit otherwise it will make loss. If a good dancer appointed as a Chief Executive Officer of a Company, he may not run the business. So right man should be procured at right place in right time, otherwise their proper utilization may not be done. To procure right man at right place in right time, some information regarding job and job doer is highly essential. These information are obtained through Job analysis, job descriptions, Job Specifications. HCL procure manpower in a very scientific manner . It gets information by use of thes e important documents like Job Analysis, Job Descriptions and Job Specifications.Without these recruitment may be unsuccess. Before recruit a person all information regarding job, working conditions, duties and responsibilities of job doer, Skills experiences qualifications of an employee to do the particular job is highly essential. To obtain the pertinent information regarding job, duties, responsibilities, working conditions, skill efficiency, education and experience of the employee, HCL, gets the help of Job analysis, job description and job specifications. JOB ANALYSIS FORM OF HCL InfosystemsLtd. Job Title†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Code No†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Location †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Departmentâ⠂¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Analyst†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Reason for the job †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ supervised.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Wage or salary range†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Relation to other jobs: promotion from†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Promotion to†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Job summary: Work performed:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Major duties :†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Other tasks:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Equipment/Machines used:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Working condition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Skill Requirements: Education: (Grade or Year) Training : Job experience : (a)type of experience†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Length of experience†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Supervision : (a) Positions supervised†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (b) Extent of supervision†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Job knowledge :(a) General †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (b) Technical†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Special†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Responsibility :(a) For product and material †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. For equipment and machinery†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ For work of others†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. For safety of others†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Physical demands : physical efforts Surroundings Hazards Resourcefulness JOB SPECIFICATIONS FORM OF HCL Job Title : Drill OperatorDepartment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Job Code †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. REQUIREMENTS 1. education : ability to read and understand production orders and to make simple calculations. Preferably high school certificate. 2. TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE: No specia l training required . Requires one month experience to learn job duties and to attain acceptable degree of proficiency. 3. PHYCIAL EFFORT: No special physical effort is required. 4.MENTAL SKILL: Requires reasoning to interpret instructions and drawings and productions orders. Must be able to concentrate when operating. 5. SUPERVISION : Routine checking and no close supervision required. Specific but no detailed instructions. 6. Responsible for own work only. Only routine responsibility for safety of others. PROCEDURE OF RECRUITMENT Following process of Recruitment has been followed in HCL . 1 REQUISITION 1) for new requirement or for replacement a manpower the given requisition format is to be filled up by Head of the Division/Department and forwarded to HRD after obtaining MD’s approval. INTERVIEW SCHEDULE Date: Venue: Position: NAME OF THE CANDIDATE |TIME |REMARKS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Interview call letter Date —â €”———- Dear Sir, â€Å"___________________________________________________† This has reference to your application for the above mentioned position in our organisation. We are pleased to invite you for a meeting with the undersigned on†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. at†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦a. m. /p. m. please confirm this appointment. We have enclosed a blank personal Data Form.Please fill this in and bring with you along with your educational and experience certificates / testimonials in original for the meeting. No TA/DA shall be admissible for attending this interview. You will be reimbursed to and for train fare by 1st / 2nd class for attending this interview. We take this opportunity to thank for the interest you have shown in joining our organisation